15th Century Religion
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Shankaracharva
- His philosophy is called Advaita Vedanta, Kevala Advaita, and Uttara Mimamsa
- wrote commentaries on Upanishads, Brahmasutra and Bhagawat Gita
- His Guru was Govinda Yogi,
- Founded Mathas at four different directions:
- Dwarka: West,
- Puri: East,
- Sringeri: South,
- Badrinath: North
- Panchyatana (Five Gods)
- Kumarallia and Sankara are Smartas (traditionalist)
- Kumarallia elucidated the philosphy of ritualism (Mimamsa)
Ramanujacharva: Visistadvaita
- Related to Srivishnava Sect and Sri Sampradaya Sect
- Followers called Vedanta Desika
- He wrote Satadusani against Advaita
- Lived in Kanchipuram and his guru was Yadava Prakash
- In 1096, he went in the darbar of Vishnuvardhana and converted him into Vaishnava
- Also wrote commentary on Badrayana՚s Brahmasutra
Madhavacharya: Dvaita School (Dualism)
- Born in Beli,
- He founded 8 Monasteries;
- He wrote a book called Bharatatparinirnaya
- He was founder of Brahmana sampradaya
Srikantacharva: Sivadvaita
- Wrote commentary Brahm sutra, emphsised Saiva Agmas and Upanishad
- Propounded that Siva endowed with Sakti is an ultimate Brahmana
- Jivas are infinite in number
Nimbakacharya: Dvaitadvaita
- He founded Sankadi Sampradaya
- Wrote a book called Vedantaparijatasurabha, which is a commentary on Brahma sutra
- Raghavaballavaha was a branch of it
- Wrote Hita Harivamsa
- He also wrote a book called Siddhantaratna, which is also known as Dasaloki.
Vallabhacharya: Suddhadvaita
- He was son of Laksmana Bhatt, and belonged to Kanakarva, and lived for sometime in Vrindavana and worshipper have Krishna and therefore, he is known as Srinatha.
- He was a Saguna;
- Wrote Sachitanand
- Established Srinath Temple
- Established Vaisnava School? His philosophy is known as Pustimarga His disciple and son Vittalnath found the Rudrasampradaya.
Chaitnaya: Achchintya
Vedovedavada
- His original name was Visambhar Misra; nick name Nimai
- Birth place: Navadvipa (1485 - 1538) ; Died in Puri
- His Sampradaya was called Gauriya Sampradaya.
- His Guru was Kesava Bharati.
- Lived during the reign of Gajapati Raja Prataprudra of Orissa.
- Jiva Goswami has written a book about him called Satya Sandharva.
Maharashtra: Jnaneshvara: (? -1296)
- He has written a commentary called Bhavarthadipika, which is also called Jnanesvari
- His best compilation is Amrita anubhava
- During his time Vithoba became important, which is situated near Pandharpur.
Guru Namadeva: (1270 - 1350)
- He was influenced by Islam;
- By caste, he was Tailor; he was follower of Rama
- Visoba Keeker was his guru.
Ekanath: (1533 - 1599)
- Brahman; his Guru was Janardhan Swami (1504 - 1575) .
- Ramayana: produced first reliable edition of the Nameswari, and also written commentary on Jnaneswari
- Bhavartha Ramayana
- 11th Chapter of Bhagvata is known as Eknathi Bhagawata. He has written:
- Bhavaratha Ramayana
- Rukmini Svayamvara
- Composed hundreds of Abhangas, Gaulans, Bharudas
- Commentaries on Chatuhsloki Bhagavata, Svatmasukha and Chiranji-vapada and official edition of Jnaneswari.
- He is famous for his Abhangas.
- According to the tradition, a group of five writers formed the Eknatha Panchaka: Eknatha, Rama Janardhana, Jani Janardhana, Vitha Renukanandana and Dasopantha.
Tukarama: (1598 - 1650)
- Greatest Bhakti poet
- Varkari Sect
- Wrote Abhangas and was very famous for that.
- Contemporary of Shivaji
- Born in Kunnavi
Smarat Ramadasa (1608 - 1682)
- A born Saint; performed severe penance for 12 years and travelled for another 12 years.
- Started the cult of Dhanurdari Rama and of Balabhima; established mathas.
- He has written:
- Anandavana Bhuvana: about ideal state;
- Janasvabhava Gosavi:
- Asmani Sultani;
- Parachakra-Nirupana;
- Dasabodha;
- Karunashatke;
- Manache Sloka;
- Ramavaradayani
Ramananda: (1300 - 1411)
- He was born at Prayaga, Allahabad and have studied the Visishtadvaita system of Ramanuja at Varanasi at the feet of a teacher Ragha-vananda
- He had 12 disciples: called Avadutha, i.e., free from all barriers, named
- Asananda
- Surasurananda
- Sukhnanda
- Paramananda
- Mahananda
- Pipa (a rajput ruling chief)
- Kabir (weaver)
- Bhavananda
- Sena (Barber)
- Dhanna (Jat)
- Sri Ananda
- Ravidasa (cobbler)
- Use of vernacular language instead of Sanskrit;
- Introduced cult of Rama and Sita in the place of Krishna and Radha
Kabir - (1440 - 1518)
- Initially disciple of Ramanada later developed his own sect.
- A Nirguna, lived during the reign of Sikander Lodhi; lived in Varanasi
- Primarily a Reformer and iconoclast.
- Kabirpanthis and other sects based on his teachings -shunned idolatry, open to Hindus and Muslims; stressed the value of Guruand restricted themselves to the vernacular.
- Important works:
- Bijaka: seed book, most sacred; Bijaka was dictated by Kabir and complied by his disciple hagawanadasa; his dohas are incorporated in Adi-Grantha.
- Mangala;
- Sabada;
- Rekhtal;
- Basant;
- Holi;
- Sakhi
- He was against Sakta
- Tomb at Mahar (Gorakhpur) , Uttar Pradesh
Goswami Tulsidas:- (1532 - 1623)
- Born in Gonda District in Eastern U. P
- Traditionally 6 minor and 6 major works ascribed to him. Of the major works-Ramacharitamanas (written in 1574, written in Awadhi language) ; Vinaya Pattrika, Kavitavali are prominent.
- Others are: Ramayana Bairaga, Janaki Mangal, Geetawali and Dohawali.
Surdas- (1483 - 1563)
- One of the 8 main disciples of Vallabha.
- Born in a Brahman family and musician attached to temples at Agra and Mathura.
- Surawali
- Sahitya Hahiri
Mira Bai: (1503 - 1573)
- Padavali
- Daughter of Ratan Singh Rathore.
- Married in Chittor
- Bairam Deva- uncle
- Written in Brajabhasa, Gujarati, Rajasthani
Dadu Dayal: (1544 - 1603)
- Ahmedabad, settled at Naraina
- Buddhanand (Hindu Tradition)
- Buddhan (Muslim tradition)
- The poems are known as
Bani Daranidasa: 1656
- Disciple of Kabir Dasa
- Formed Darnidasi branch of Kabir Panth in Chattisgarh region, M. P.
- Satya Prakash
- Prem Prakash
Tagjivandasa
- BaraBanki (UP)
- founder of Satnami Sect
- His disciple Dulavi
Carandasa
- Mewat Rajasthan
- A Virguna Upasaka
- Devotee of Sri Krishna of Vrindavana
- Fine blend of Nirguna and Saguna