IAS Mains Philosophy Papers 1995

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IAS Mains Philosophy 1995

Paper I

Section A

  1. Discuss any three of the following in not more than 200 words each:
    1. Radical Empiricism of William James
    2. Category mistake
    3. Kants doctrine of transcendental deduction
    4. Humes arguments against induction.
  2. What according to Bradley is the relation between through and reality? How does he establish his view that a relational way of through must give appearance and not truth? Discuss.
  3. Explain Deweys theory of truth. How does it relate to his conception of knowledge? Discuss.
  4. Explain and discuss Wittgensteins in view that the results of philosophy are the uncovering of one or another piece of plain nonsense and of bumps that understanding has got y running its head up against the limits of language.

Section B

  1. Discuss any three of the following in not more than 200 words each:
    1. Mode of perception according to Nyaya
    2. Pratitya-Samutpada
    3. Sobda Pramana
    4. Swarupa jnana and vritti jnana
  2. It is sometimes said that the difference between Madhyamika School of Buddhism and Advaita Vedanta is only superficial and verbal. Do you agree with this view? Compare in this context the chief epistemological and metaphysical tenets of the Madhyamika School and of Advaita Vedanata.
  3. What is meany by hetvabhasa in Indian logic? Is it formal or material? What according to Nyaya are its kinds? Explain.
  4. Give an account of the chief tenets of vaisesikameta physics.

Paper II

Section A

  1. Write critical notes on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each:
    1. Ideals of democracy
    2. Theocracy an a political ideology
    3. Bloodless revolution
    4. Relevance of varnavyavastha for Sarvodaya
  2. The relation between Western philosophy and life is not the same as that between Indian philosophy and life Elucidate and critically evaluate this statement.
  3. Is religious language meaningless? Justify your answer by adequate arguments.
  4. State and examine the various definitions of dharma. What one of these is most acceptable and why?

Section B

  1. Write critical notes on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each:
    1. Common elements and basic differences in Jainism and Buddhism.
    2. The philosophical problems are identical with religious problems in India.
    3. islam as a theo centric religion
    4. Secularism, sectarianism and religion.
  2. Discuss the nature and inter relationship of different foundations of religious belief.
  3. Bring out the inter relationship between various paths leading to moksha and indicate the nature of moksha.
  4. What are the main cotemporary philosophies which reject traditional relions and belief in God? How can you defend religion against such attacks?