NET, IAS, State-SET (KSET, WBSET, MPSET, etc.), GATE, CUET, Olympiads etc.: Cell Division Highlights in Biology

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  • Prophase = longest
  • Anaphase = Shortest
  • Kappa particle – Paramecium (acidobacter taeniospiralis)
  • Sigma particle - Drosophila
  • Leptotene - Bouquet stage, Attachment plaque, beaded structure
  • Zygotene - Synapsis, zippering, Synaptonemal complex . chromonemeta (bivalent chromosome)
  • Pachytine - crossing over, recombination nodule, long lasting
  • Diplotene - terminalization, chromation decondes & RNA synthesis
  • Diakenesis - Chromosome end detach from nuclear membrane, chiasma formed.
  • Diagenic – father ⇾ daughter ⇾ grandson
  • Diacentric – mother ⇾ son ⇾ granddaughter
  • Hologeneic – Mother ⇾ Daughter ⇾ Grand Daughter
  • Holoandric – father ⇾ son ⇾ grandson
  • Metaxenia – effect of pollen on seed coat.
  • Xenia – effect of pollen on endosperm
  • Cell wall removed gm (positive) ⇾ Protoplast
  • Cell wall removed gm (negative) ⇾ Spheroblast
  • Chlorophyll Absorb red light – Carotene
  • Phaeoplast Absorb green light – Fucoxanthin
  • Rhodoplast Absorb blue light – phycoerythrin