NET, IAS, State-SET (KSET, WBSET, MPSET, etc.), GATE, CUET, Olympiads etc.: Indian Geography Coal
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Impact of Coal: Environment & Geography
Coal
- Amounts to 60% of total electricity generated.
- 65% of the commercial needs of energy.
- Raniganj coal field is the oldest in India (1814) .
- Indian coalfield belongs to two geological era Gondwana and tertiary. Gondwana category accounts for 99.5% of the total reserve.
- Gondwana category is inferior to the tertiary coal.
- Tertiary coalfield is found in the Northeast and J&K.
- Jharia largest in India.
- Per capita production of Coal180 kg.
- Important coalfields Jharkhand: Jharia, Bokaro, Giridih, Karanpura, Ramgarh, Auranga, Hutar, Daltonganj, Deogarh and Rajmahal. W. Bengal: Raniganj, Barjora and Darjeeling. Andhra Pradesh: Godavari valley (Singareni coalfields) MP⟋ Chhattisgarh: Singrauli, Korba, Chirmiri, PenchKanha Tawa valley, Hasdo Arand, Jhilmili and Mohpani etc. Maharashtra: Chanda, Kamte, Umrer and Bander. Orissa Talcher and IB river
- Coal reserve (statewise) Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, W. Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, UP, Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland.
- Largest Mine reserves Jharia, Raniganj, Godavari valley. North Karanpura, Singrauli and Talcher.
- Statewise production MP⟋ Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, W. Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh.
- Utilisation of coal in various industries (in sequence) : Power, Steel, Cement, Fertilizer, Chemical and Paper.
- In order to increase the availability of indegenous coking coal for steel plants , new coal washeries are being set up and capacities of existing coal beneficiation plants are being increased.
- There are around eighteen coal washeries in the country . Seven washeries (Dugda, Bhojudih, Patherdih, Lodna, Sudamdih and Munidih) produce high grade coking coal. Similarly Kargali, Kathera, Sawang, Gidi, Barora and Nandan washeries manufacture medium grade coking coal. Durgapur I washery is under W. Bengal government and those of Jamdoba and W. Bokaro is under Tata Iron and Steel Co. , that of Nawrozabad under Western coalfield limited and Lodna and Durgapur II under the Bharat Coking Coal Ltd.
- Problems of coal mining: poor quality coal uneven distribution transport bottleneck obsolete methods of mining, power shortage recession in coal mining environmental pollution wastage of coal.
Peat
- Found in Nilgiri hills, Jhelum and Ganga delta in W. Bengal.