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6 Vegetation Divisions of India - Geography of India
VEGETATION & CROPS of INDIA
Vegetation patterns of India are divided into 6 types viz. , moist tropical, dry tropical, montane subtropical, montane temperate, subalpine and alpine, explained in a lucid manner by Dr. Manishika Jain.
H G Champions
Tropical Rain Forests
- Include tropical evergreen forests and tropical semi-evergreen forests
- Rainfall surplus of 200 cm, with a short dry season.
- Archetypal Rain-Forests.
- Limited within rainy slopes of the Western Ghats, plains of West Bengal and Orissa and North-eastern India.
- Trees attain heights of about 60 m and above.
- Ebony, mahogany and rosewood
Tropical Deciduous Forests
- Cast leaves for about 6 to 8 weeks in summer.
- Monsoon forests
- Form a natural cover all over India, especially within regions having 200 and 75 cm of annual rainfall.
- State of Kerala in India, eastern slopes of Western Ghats, north-eastern parts of the peninsular plateau, Himalaya mountains.
- Cost-effective, less resistant to fire.
- Moist and dry deciduous forests.
Moist Deciduous Forests
- Eastern slopes of the Western Ghats, north-eastern part of the peninsula- east Madhya Pradesh, south Bihar and west Orissa, Shiwaliks.
- Teak, Sal, and sandalwood.
Thorn Forests and Shrubs
- Found in dry places where the annual rainfall is less than 70 cm.
- North-western India, from Saurashtrain the south to Punjab plains in the north.
- Extend towards northern Madhya Pradesh and south-west Uttar Pradesh, covering Bundelkhand plateau.
- Dispersed trees with long roots, broadened in a radial pattern
Tidal or Mangrove Forests
- Found along the coasts and rivers
- Mangrove trees
- Sundari
Temperate Forests and Grasslands
- Various types of plants are found in the Himalayas varying altitudes.
- The broad-leaved evergreen trees usually grow between altitudes of 1 km and 2 km- oak, chestnut and maple
- Coniferous trees like pine, deodar, silver fir and spruce between altitudes 1.5 km and 3 km
- Southern slopes of the Himalayas.
- Temperate grasslands at higher altitudes
Alpine and Tundra Vegetation
- Altitudes above 3.6 km
- Stunted growth
- Silver Fir, Pine, Juniper and Birch
- Alpine Grasslands at higher altitudes in this region.
- Gujjar and Bakarwal make use of this region.
- Lichen and Mosses are found
Himalayan Vegetation
- Tropical forests in the eastern region
- Pine and coniferous woodlands of the western Himalayas
Desert Region
- Thar Desert
- Short and stout, and stunted
- Cacti, Reunjha, Khejra, Kanju, Ak etc.
✍ Manishika