Delhi Sultanate

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Coming of the Turks

Mabmud of Ghazni

Illustration: Mabmud of Ghazni
  • He belonged to Yamini Dynasty.
  • He ascended to the throne of Ghazni in 998 A. D
  • He fought against Jaypala of Hindushahi dynasty under his father.
  • In 1000 AD he led the first expedition to India, against Peshawar, in which he defeated Hindushahi king Jaypala at Waihind
  • Led 17 expeditions in India.
  • In second and third expedition, defeated the king of Multan Biji Rai between 1002 - 1004 AD
  • Fourth expedition in 1005 - 1006 AD was against Abdul Fateh Daud of Multan.
  • Fifth expedition, 1007 - 1008, was against Kashmir and he defeated Nawasa Shah.
  • Sixth expedition was against Anandpala in 1008 AD who had succeeded Jayapala of Hindu Shahi dynasty. This battle is popularly known as battle of Waihind (near Peshawar) .
  • Seventh expedition was against Narainpur in Alwar district of Rajasthan in 1009 AD when he defeated king Narayan.
  • Eighth expedition in 1010 AD- annexed Multan against Daud due to the growing menace of the Islami Sect.
  • Ninth expedition in 1011 AD- plundered Thaneshwar, and Anandpala died in 1012 AD
  • Tenth and eleventh expedition in 1012 - 13 AD: defeated the Anandapala՚s successor Trilochanpala and annexed the Hindu Shahi dynasty.
  • In the twelfth expedition of 1015 - 16 AD, he annexed Kashmir.
  • In his thirteenth expedition of 1018 AD, he looted Kanauj and Mathura. King Kulachand of Mathura committed suicide.
  • The fourteenth expedition occurred in 1020 - 21 AD in which he defeated and killed Pratihara king Rajyapala.
  • In the fifteenth expedition, he defeated Trilochanpala of Hindu Shahi dynasty.
  • The sixteenth expedition occurred in 1021 - 22 AD in which he attacked Gwalior, Kalinjar and Chandella king Vidyadhar.
  • In the seventeenth expedition in 1025 AD, he plundered Somnath temple. The Chalukya king Bhima fled.
  • He died in 1030 A. D
  • He is called ‘Father of Persian Renaissance’
  • Firdausi՚s Shahnama was completed under him.
  • Al-beruni, the writer of Tarikh -i - Hind accompanied him during his expeditions.

Mohammad Ghori

Illustration: Mohammad Ghori
  • He first came through Gomal Pass but was defeated by Mulraja II (The Chalukya king of Gujarat) .
  • Second time he came through Khyber Pass and captured Punjab.
  • In his third expedition, he fought the first Battle of Tarain in 1191 A. D with Prithviraj III of Chauhana dynasty. He was defeated in this battle. The contention was for claims for Tabarhinda (Bhatinda)
  • In second Battle of Tarain 1192 A. D, he defeated Prithviraj Chauhan.
  • Qutubuddin Aibak, Bakhtiyar Khalji. , and Yalduz were his main commanders.
  • Bakhtiyar Khalji destroyed Nalanda and Vikramshila University and defeated Lakshmian Sena of Bengal.
  • After the death of Mohammad Ghori, Aibak ascended the throne in 1206.