Delhi Sultanate (1206 - 1526)

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Mubarak

Khalji

  • Ascended the throne after the death of Allaudin
  • Declared himself as khalifa and took the title of ‘Al-wasiq-billah’
  • Issued gold coins.

Khusro Shah

  • Hindu convert, from Gujarat.
  • Murdered all the relatives of Allaudin and Mubarak Khalji.
  • Disciple of Shaikh NiIzamuddin Auliya.

Tuglaqs

Ghiyassudin Tughlaq

  • Murdered Khusro Shah and ascended the throne.
  • Adopted the title Ghazi .
  • First sultan to start the irrigation works.
  • Died when a wooden pavilion collapsed.

Mohammad Bin Tughlaq

Illustration: Mohammad Bin Tughlaq
  • Most educated sultan of Delhi.
  • Known as the ‘Wisest Fool’ .
  • Experimentative nature. His main experiments were:
  • shifting of the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad (deogiri)
    • taxation of the Doab
    • introduction of token cur­rency (adali)
    • planning of leading an ex­pedition to Khurasan
    • Qarachil expedition in the Kumaon hills
  • Introduced agricultural reforms
  • Taqavi and՚sondhar were the loans that were given to farmers.
  • Established a new department Diwan-i-Kohi to bring barren land under cultivation.
  • Established ‘Diwan-i-Siyasat’ , to punish officers.
  • He died at Thatta

Feroz Shah Tughlaq

Illustration: Feroz Shah Tughlaq
  • He created two departments
    • Diwan-i-Bandagan, i.e.. department of slaves
    • Diwan-i-Khairat.
  • He founded a lot of towns:
    • Jaunpur Hissar
    • Ferozpur near Badayun
    • Ferozabad Fatehabad
  • He wrote a book ‘Futuhat-i-Firozshahi’
  • He abolished amputation
  • At Jama Masjid he read the names of all the Delhi Sultans except Qutubuddin Aibak.
  • He abandoned 23 taxes and imposed only four taxes as allowed by the shariat: Kharaj, Khums, Zakat, and Jaziya.
  • Imposed irrigation tax, Haq-i-Sharb (10% of produce) .
  • Constructed new canals called Anhar-i-Amma.
  • Repaired Allaudin Khalji՚s Hauz-i-Hahi (a canal) and Ntutmish՚s Hauz-i-Shamsi.
  • Banned the sale of slaves.
  • Under Diwan-i-Bandagan 1,80, 000 slaves were employed.
  • In 1360, he led an expedition to the Nagarkot. The king of Nagarkot was defeated and the temple of Jwalamukhi was looted and plundered.

Later Tughluqs

Ghiyasudin TugMaq Shah II

  • Original name was Fateh Khan.
  • Wazir was malik Zada Feroz.

Abu Bakr Naseeruddin Mohammad Shah

  • Invaded Kannauj
  • Died at Jaieshar
  • Succeeded by Prince Humayun.
  • Prince Humayun assumed title Allaudin Slander Shah but he died within six weeks.

Naseeruddin Mehmud Shah

  • Lord of the worlds whose territory extended from Delhi to Palam.
  • During his reign, Taimur Lang (1398 A. P-) invaded Delhi.
  • Both Naseeruddin Mehmud and his minister Malu fled.
  • After his departure Malu along with Naseeruddin Mehmud returned back to Delhi.
  • During the oblivion period of two years, they lived in Gujarat.
  • Sultan Naseeruddin died in 1412.