Dynasty in India Sayyid Dynasty & Lodhi Dynasty
Get unlimited access to the best preparation resource for competitive exams : get questions, notes, tests, video lectures and more- for all subjects of your exam.
Sayyid Dynasty (1414 - 1451)
Khizr Khan
- He was appointed as viceroy of Delhi by Timur Lang
- According to Yahya Sarhindi, the author of Tarikh-i-Mubarakshahi, Khizr Khan was a descent from prophet of Islam
- He assumed the title ‘Raiyat-i-Ala’
Mubarak Shah
- Adopted the title՚shah
- Read the khutba by his name
- Received help from Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin of Kashmir
- Defeated Khokhar tribe
- Patronised Yahya Sirhindi
Muhammad Shah
- In his reign Bahlol Lodhi was given the title of Khan-i-Khanan.
Allaudin Alain Shah
- During his reign, his Prime Minister Hamid Khan invited Bahlol Lodhi to capture the throne.
Lodhi Dynasty (1451 - 1562)
Bahlol Lodhi
- Bahlol Lodhi established the first Afghan dynasty in India.
- Called himself as ‘Masad-i-Ali’ .
- Annexed the Sharqi Empire.
- Introduced copper coin called ‘Bahloli’ .
- Died near Jalali.
Sikander Lodhi
- Mother was a Hindu.
- Introduced a ‘Gaz-i-Sikandari’ (measurement unit)
- Shifted his capital to Agra in 1504 A. D.
- Wrote poems under the name of ‘Gulrukh’ .
Ibrahim Lodhi
- Fought a battle with Rana Sanga at Khatauli. Rana defeated the Lodhi
- During his reign Babur was invited by the Governor of Eiiniab, Daulat Khan Lodhi and Governor of Bihar, Daria Khan Lohani.
- Babur defeated Ibrahim in the first battle of Panipat (1526) .
Agriculture and Finance Terms During Sultanate
- Crown land: Khahsa
- Grants made for the religious purposes: Waqf
- Grant made to non-religious institutions: Milk
- Grant given as a reward: Inam
- Land tax from Hindu landlords: Kharaj
- Land granted to military officers: Iqta
- Holders of Iqta: Muqta
- House tax: Ghari
- Grazing tax: Charai
- Alms tax on Muslims: Zakat
- War booty: Khums
- Village headman: Khuts⟋ Muqaddams.
- Land revenue fixed on the basis of standing crops: Khet Batai
- Land revenue fixed without separating the grain from the chaff: Lank Batai
- After separating the grain from the chaff: Ras Batai
- Land revenue on the basis of measurement of land: Masahat
- Land revenue on the basis of estimate: Nasq
- Taxes on grains: Galla-i-Chungi
- Tax on vegetables: Khizrawat
Administration Terminology
- Majlis-i-Khalwat: council of friends and trusted officers who advised the sultan
- Wazir: head of Diwan-i-Wizarat (dealt with income and expenditure)
- Mustaufi-Mummalik: Auditor General
- Mushrif-i-Mummalik: Accountant
- Ariz-i-Mummalik: Head of the military department, Diwan-i-Arz
- Sadr-us-Sudur: Head of the public charities and ecclesiastical department, Diwan-i-Risalat.
- Qazi-ul-Quzzat: Head of the judicial department.
- AmirMunshi: Head of department for correspondence, Diwan-i-Insha
- Barid-i-Mummalik: Head of the information and intelligence department.
- Vakil-i-Dar: Looked after the royal household.
- Barbek: Looked after the royal court and was involved in assigning nobles a place in the court according to their positions and ranks.
- Amir-i-Hajib: Presented all the visitors before the sovereign according to court etiquette.
- Sar-i-Jandar: Chief of royal bodyguards
- Amir-i-Bahr: Looked after boats
- Waqia-Navis: News reporter.
- Barid: Spy
- Zawabit: State laws
- Fawazil: Surplus
- Amir-i-Khuzak: Charged with protecting the royal symbols.
Revenue Administration
- There were four major taxation:
- Zakat- was a religions tax imposed on the Muslims and was 2.5 per cent;
- Khums - was a state share of the booty acquired by the soldier and the soldiers were required to surrender 1⟋5th. During A. K. ՚s period it was increased to 4⟋5th i.e.. 80 per cent;
- Kharaj - was the land tax varied from 1⟋10⚹ to 1⟋2. It was l⟋10th during Ghyasuddin Tughlak and 1⟋ 2 during A. K. ;
- Jaziya - was a religious tax on the Hindus because they were called_Zimmis i.e.. protected people so the Jaziya was protection tax. It was 5 per cent and FST imposed it on Brahmins also. The other taxes were:
- Abawbs - Gharai, Charai - imposed by A. K.
- Haqis Shirub - water tax;
- Usari - on muslims
- 1⟋10th on rain cultivated area
- 1⟋20th on artificial irrigational area;
- Khudmati – tribute for subjugated Indian chiefs;