Gland | Hormone | Functions |
Hypothalamus | - Releasing and inhibiting hormones and factors
- Posterior pituitary hormones produced here
| Control of another pituitary hormones |
Posterior pituitary gland | - Receives hormones from hypothalamus no hormones synthesised here
- stores and secretes the following:
- Oxytocin
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin)
| - Ejection of milk from mammary gland, contraction of uterus during birth
- Reduction of urine secretion by kidney
|
Anterior pituitary gland | - Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Luteinising hormone (LH)
- Prolactin
- Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH or corticotrophin)
- Growth hormone (GH)
| - In male, stimulate spermatogenesis
- In female, growth of ovarian follicles
- In male testosterone secretion
- In female secretion of oestrogen and progesterone, ovulation and maintenance of corpus luteum
- Stimulates milk production and secretion
- Synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones growth of thyroid glands.
- Synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortex hormones growth of gland
- Protein synthesis, growth, especially of bone of limbs
|
Parathyroid gland | Parathormone | - Increases blood calcium level
- Decreases blood phosphate level
|
Thyroid gland | - Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)
- Calcitonin
| - Regulation of basal metabolic rate, growth and development
- Decreases blood calcium level
|
Adrenal cortex | - Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
- Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
| - Protein breakdown, glucose⟋glycogen synthesis, adaptation to stress, anti-inflammatory⟋allergy effects
- Na + retention in kidney, Na + and K + ratios in extracellular and intracellular fluids, raises blood pressure
|
Adrenal medulla | - Adrenaline (epinephrine)
- Noradrenaline (norepinephrine)
| - Increase rate and force of heartbeat, constriction of skin and gut capillaries
- Dilation of arterioles of heart and skeletal muscles, raising blood glucose level
- General constriction of small arteries, raising of blood pressure
|
Islets of Langerhans | - Insulin (beta cells)
- Glucagon (alpha cells)
| - Decreases blood glucose level, increases glucose and amino acid uptake and utilisation by cells
- Increases blood glucose level, breakdown of glucogen to glucose in liver
|
| - Gastrin
- Secretin
- Cholecystokinin (Pancreozymin)
| - Secretion of gastric juices
- Secretion of pancreatic juice
- Inhibits gastric secretion
- Emptying of gall bladder and release of pancreatic juice in to duodenum
|
| - Renin
- Oestrogens (17 Beta-oestradiol)
- Progesterone
| - Conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin
- Female secondary sex characteristics, oestrous cycle
- Gestation, inhibition of ovulation
|
Corpus luteum | - Progesterone and oestrogen
- Progesterone ans oestrogen
| - Growth and development of uterus
- Foetal development
|
Placenta | - Chorionic gonadotrophin
- Human placental lactogen
| - Maintenance of corpus luteum
- Stimulates mammary growth
|
Testis | Testosterone | Male secondary sexual characteristics |