Bahmani Kingdom
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Bahmani Empire
It was founded by a centurion tribesman - Amiran-i-Sadah;
- Ismail Mukh declared independence;
- He adopted the title Abul Fath;
- But the actual founder was Hasan Gangu (1341 - 1358) ;
- He adopted the title Zafar Khan;
- Nasiruddin Ismail Shah i.e.. Ismail Mukh relinquished his throne in favour of Jafar Khan 1341;
- Hasan Gangu was a native of Delhi;
- He was a servant of a Brahman Gangu;
- One astrologer told him that if he adopted the title ‘Gangu’ then he would become the king;
- He did so and became a king;
- He adopted the title Allauddin Bahman Shah on 11th August 1347;
- He made Gulbarga his capital;
- He defeated Kotagir, Kalyan, Malkhed, Bidar, Goa, Dhabol, Kolhapur, and some parts of Telangana;
- He renamed Gulbarga as Ahsanabad;
- He created 4 provinces called Taraf:
- Bidar;
- Gulbarga;
- Berar;
- Daulatabad;
Mohammad I (1358 - 1375)
- He declared Jehad against the Hindu rulers;
- He made elaborate changes in administration;
- Wazir-i-Asraf was the foreign minister;
- Tarafdars were his Governors;
- He declared Jehad against Warrangal, Orissa and Vijayanagar; Mujahid Shah (1375 - 1378)
- During his reign, his nobility was divided into two groups;
- Foreigners;
- Local or Deccani Daud I (1378)
- Mohammad I (1378 - 1397)
- During his reign a famine took place;
- He imported food grains from Malwa and Gujarat; Feroze Shah Bahmani (1397 - 1422)
- According to Farishta he was a scholar of
- Arabian;
- Kamada;
- Persian;
- Telgu;
- Marathi
- He lost once and won twice against the Vijayanagar Empire;
- Gesudaraz, one of the great sufi saints, lived during his reign;
- He was defeated by Devarai I;
- He invited Afaqui (foreigners) to assist him;
- He built observatories at Daulatabad;
- According to Faristha, he married Deva Rai՚s daughter;
- He built the city of Firozabad, situated on the bank of river Bhima;
- He was a great Calligra-pher;
Ahmad Shah Wali (1422 - 1436)
- He shifted his capital from Gulbarga to Bidar in 1424;
- He was called ‘Wali’ because he was a great follower of Gesudheraj;
- During his reign, Bahmani fought for the first time against Malwa and Gujarat; Humayun Shah (1458 - 1461)
- He is known as ‘Zalim’ i.e.. tyrant;
- He appointed Md. Gwan as his Prime Minister; Ahmad Shah II (1461 - 1463)
- He was just 9 years old when he ascended the throne;
- Mahmood Gawan was the defacto along with Nargis Begum - Mother of Ahmad Shah I;
Md. Shah M (1463 - 1482)
- Mahmood Gawan remained the defacto;
- He adopted the title ‘Laskari’ ;
- Russina traveller Nikitin visited during his reign;
- Mahmood Gawan built Madarsa near Bidar during his reign;
- Md. Shah III executed Mahmood Gawan in a misunderstanding, when he came to know the reality, he too died;
Mahmood Shah (1482 - 1518)
- When he ascended the throne, he was a minor;
- Malik Naib was the defacto;
- After Naib; Rasim Barid became the defacto;
- The faction between the Deccani and foreigners led to the disintegration of the empire;
- Kalimullah was the last king of Bahmani Empire, up to 1530 and then the empire was divided into 5 parts
- Adil Shahi dynasty - Bijapur;
- Qutub Shahi dynasty - Golconda;
- Nizam Shahi dynasty - Ahmadnagar;
- Barid Shahi dynasty - Bidar;
- Imad Shahi dynasty - Berar;
Imad Shahi dynasty was the first dynasty to break from the Bahmani Empire;
Berar was the first Bahmani Empire to secede from the Bahmani Empire;
Successors of Bahmani Empire
Nizam Shahi (Ahmadnagar)
- In 1490, Malik Ahmad, Governor of Junar declared him independent;
- He was the son of Nizam-ul-Mulk Bahri, Originally a Brahmin of Vijaynagar and his original name was Tima Bhatt;
- Nizam-ul-Mulk was converted by Ahmad Shah;
- The Bahmani Sultan and the new name was Malik Hasan;
Malik Ahmad (1494 - 1509)
- He founded Ahmadnagar, situated on the bank of river Sina;
- He shifted his capital from Junar to Ahmadnagar; Burhan Nizam Shah I (1509 - 1553) :
- He was the first king to assume the title of Shah;
- In 1537, he adopted Shia faith;
- His hostility with Bijapur increased;
- In 1542, he captured Sholapur, but lost it later;
Hassain Nizam Shah I (1553 - 65)
- He was the first person who formed a Muslim confederacy to defeat Vijaynagar in the battle of RAKSHITANDAI;
Murtaza Nizam Shah I (1565 - 88)
- Was a minor when became the king;
- His mother Khanzada or Khuja Humayun Sultana was the defacto;
- In 1572, he annexed Berar;
Hassain Nizam Shah II (1588 - 89)
Ismail Nizam Shah II (1589 - 91)
- During his period there was struggle between Mahadavi and Shia sect;
Burhan Nizam Shah II (1591 - 95)
- Shia sect was re-established;
- During his reign the famous book Burhan-i-Maathir was compiled;
- He attacked the Portuguese; Chand Bibi (1600)
- She was the widow of Adil Shah;
- She conceded Berar to the Mughals to sue peace;
- She was killed in 1600 and the whole administration went into the hands of Malik Amber;
Malik Amber
- He belonged to Abyssinian family;
- He was born in 1549;
- During Murtaza Nizam Shah, he became the Prime Minister; also known as Va-kil-us-Sultanate;
- He married Murtaza՚s daughter;
- The nominated ruler during his time was Murtaza Nizam Shah I (1600 - 1630) ;
- In 1607, Malik Amber transferred his capital to Junar;
- He won the battle of Bhatvadi;
- He was the greatest statesman of Deccan;
- He was tolerant;
Hassain Nizam Shah II (1630 - 1635) :-
- In 1636, Ahmadnagar was captured by the Mughals;
Adil Shahi Dynasty off Bijapur
- Yusuf Adil Khan founded the dynasty in 1490;
- He was a Georgian slave;
Ismail Adil Khan (1510 - 1534)
- In 1504, he captured Gulbarga;
- He was a skilled musician;
Tsmail Adil Khan (1510 - 1534)
- He established Sunni faith as the state religion;
- During his reign Albequerque, the Portuguese Governor captured Goa;
- He was a great patron of Art;
- He married a Maratha lady Babuji Khannum;
- He was an expert painter;
Malu Adil Khan 1534 - 15351
Ibrahim Adil Shah I (1535 - 1557)
- He was the first to adopt the title of Shah;
- He replaced Persian by Hindavi Deccani Urdu;
- In 1555, he employed the Marathas for the first time;
- He defeated the Vijaya-nagar king; Rama Raya;
Ali Adil Shah I (1557 - 1580)
- He re-established Shia faith; during his reign, the wall of Bijapur city was constructed;
- He built the Zami Masjid, Mecca Masjid and Gagan Mahal;
- He was called a Sufi;
- Secularism was resumed during his reign;
- He appointed Acharya Vaman Pandit;
Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1580 - 1637)
- He was called ‘Jagat Guru’ ;
- He built Andha Mahal, Mihtar Mahal, Malika Jahan Masjid;
- During his reign Farista compiled ‘Tarik-i-Farista’ ;
- He wrote a book called ‘Nauras Nama’ ;
- He built his capital ‘Nauraspur’ ;
- Hens gave grants to ‘Pandharpur’ ;
- During his reign Akka-Madina flourished;
- He built Gol Gumbaz, it was his Mausoleum (Makbara) ;
- He also built Asar Mahal;
- He was the greatest king of the dynasty;
Ali Adil Shah II (1656 - 1672)
- He was a patron of Urdu literature;
- During his reign a lot of Urdu Deccani Scholars flourished - Mia Nursali, Miahansi, Mirzan Marsiyan;
- Adil Shah wrote 2 books:
- Gulshan-i-Ishq;
- Ali Nama;
- Nursali composed 2 books
- Kasida and
- Diwan-i-Gazal;
- Mia Hansi wrote the story of Yusuf and Zulaikha and a book called Gazals;
Sikandar Adil Shah (1672 - 1686)
- In September 1686, he surrendered to Aurangzeb;