NET, IAS, State-SET (KSET, WBSET, MPSET, etc.), GATE, CUET, Olympiads etc.: Manufacturing Industries in India
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Cotton Textile Industry
- First modern cotton Textile mill was set up in 1818 at Fort Gloster near Calcutta. Second important was founded in 1854 in Bombay by C. N. Devar.
- Third mill in 1861 in Shahpur (Ahmadabad) , then Calico mill in 1863 also in Ahmadabad.
- Till 1875: 76,46 mills were set up out of which 60% were located in Bombay alone.
- Till 1940, mills rose to 271, in 1926 it rose to 334, till 1939 389 and till 1945 they rose to 417.
Present Scenario
- Cotton industry is the largest organised modern industry in India in which about 16% of Industry capital and about 20% of industrial labour is engaged.
- Till 31 March 1996, there were 1569 cotton mills in India: 188 were in public sector, 146 in cooperative sector and 1.235 in private sector. Distribution:
- Highest is Maharashtra in Cotton textile Production 42.49% , but in Cotton Yarn Maharashtra produces only 16.65% .In Maharashtra there are total 122 mills out of which 63 mills are in Mumbai, so Mumbai is called Cottonopolis.
- Other centres in Maharashtra are Sholapur, Pune, Kojjiapur, Satara, Nagpur, Aurangabad, Amravati and Jalgaon.
- Second highest Gujarat, which produces 23.5% of cloth and 8% of yarn of India.
- It has 118 mills, out of which 73 are in Ahmadabad, other mills are in Surat, Vadodra, Rajkot, Porbandar, Maurvi and Bhavnagar.
- Third is Madhya Pradesh7.07% of cloth and 1.82% of yarn production in India. Centres are Gwalior, Ujjain, Indore, Dewas, Ratlam, Jabalpur and Bhopal.
- Fourth is Tamil Nadu 6.18% of total cloth but highest in India in cotton yarn production 34.21% .
- T N has 439 mills in which 200 are in Coimbotore, therefore called Manchester of South India.
- Other areas are Chennai, Madurai, Tiruchirapalli, Salem, Perambur, Tuticorin.
- Fifth is West Bengal 3.87% of total cloth and 2.94% of cotton yarn.
- Most important centre is Murshidabad, others are in Howrah, Hugli, Syampur, Shrirampur and Panihar.
- Sixth is U P 3.86% of the cloth, but 7.835 of cotton yarn.
- Kanpur is the largest centre and called Manchester of U P , out of 52 mills in U. P, Kanpur has 10.
- Others are Moradabad, Varanasi, Agra, Bareilly, Aligarh, Modinagar, Saharanpur, Rampur, Etawa, Lucknow and Mirzapur.
- Seventh is Pondicherry
- 2.61% of Cotton Textile and 1.16% of yarn.
- Eighth is Rajasthan2.34% of textile and 3.62% of yarn. Centres are Pali, Beawar, Vijaynagar, Kishangarh, Ganganagar, Bhilwara, Udaipur, Jaipur, Kota and Ajmer.
- Ninth is Karnataka 2.28% of cloth, 4.68% of yarn. Centres are Bangalore, Belgam, Mangalore, Chitradurg, Gulbarga, Chenapatnam and Mysore.
- Orissa: 2.03% of cloth and 1.87% of yarn.
- Punjab: 1.78% of cloth, 5.91% of yarn; Amitsar, Ludhiana and Fagwara are centres.
- Kerala: 1.09% cloth; 2.03% yarn; centres are Kollam, Trichur, Tiruvanantpuram and Alleppey.
- Bihar: 0.34% of textile, 0.19% of yarn. Centres are Gaya, Patna, Bhagalpur.
- Andhra Pradesh: 0.33% of cloth, 5.20% in yarn. Centres are Hyderabad, Sikandarabad, Guntur, E. Godawari and Udaigiri.
- India exports cotton textile highest to U. S, then to Russia and then to UK
Causes
- Mumbai enjoys humid climate which is essential for cotton industry because thread does not break so frequently.
- Mumbai has a big port which helps in import of machinery.
- Cheap hydroelectricity.
- Black cotton soil in the hinterland provides cotton as the basic raw material.
- Better communication.
- Facilities for washing
Problems of Cotton Textile Industry (In Hierarchy)
- Shortage of raw cotton: due to 1947 partition, as Sindh was an important centre of cotton.
- Obsolete machinery.
- Erratic power supply.
- Low productivity of labour.
- Stiff competition, especially with China.
- Silk mills.