Delhi Sultanate
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Coming of the Turks
Mabmud of Ghazni
- He belonged to Yamini Dynasty.
- He ascended to the throne of Ghazni in 998 A. D
- He fought against Jaypala of Hindushahi dynasty under his father.
- In 1000 AD he led the first expedition to India, against Peshawar, in which he defeated Hindushahi king Jaypala at Waihind
- Led 17 expeditions in India.
- In second and third expedition, defeated the king of Multan Biji Rai between 1002 - 1004 AD
- Fourth expedition in 1005 - 1006 AD was against Abdul Fateh Daud of Multan.
- Fifth expedition, 1007 - 1008, was against Kashmir and he defeated Nawasa Shah.
- Sixth expedition was against Anandpala in 1008 AD who had succeeded Jayapala of Hindu Shahi dynasty. This battle is popularly known as battle of Waihind (near Peshawar) .
- Seventh expedition was against Narainpur in Alwar district of Rajasthan in 1009 AD when he defeated king Narayan.
- Eighth expedition in 1010 AD- annexed Multan against Daud due to the growing menace of the Islami Sect.
- Ninth expedition in 1011 AD- plundered Thaneshwar, and Anandpala died in 1012 AD
- Tenth and eleventh expedition in 1012 - 13 AD: defeated the Anandapala՚s successor Trilochanpala and annexed the Hindu Shahi dynasty.
- In the twelfth expedition of 1015 - 16 AD, he annexed Kashmir.
- In his thirteenth expedition of 1018 AD, he looted Kanauj and Mathura. King Kulachand of Mathura committed suicide.
- The fourteenth expedition occurred in 1020 - 21 AD in which he defeated and killed Pratihara king Rajyapala.
- In the fifteenth expedition, he defeated Trilochanpala of Hindu Shahi dynasty.
- The sixteenth expedition occurred in 1021 - 22 AD in which he attacked Gwalior, Kalinjar and Chandella king Vidyadhar.
- In the seventeenth expedition in 1025 AD, he plundered Somnath temple. The Chalukya king Bhima fled.
- He died in 1030 A. D
- He is called ‘Father of Persian Renaissance’
- Firdausi՚s Shahnama was completed under him.
- Al-beruni, the writer of Tarikh -i - Hind accompanied him during his expeditions.
Mohammad Ghori
- He first came through Gomal Pass but was defeated by Mulraja II (The Chalukya king of Gujarat) .
- Second time he came through Khyber Pass and captured Punjab.
- In his third expedition, he fought the first Battle of Tarain in 1191 A. D with Prithviraj III of Chauhana dynasty. He was defeated in this battle. The contention was for claims for Tabarhinda (Bhatinda)
- In second Battle of Tarain 1192 A. D, he defeated Prithviraj Chauhan.
- Qutubuddin Aibak, Bakhtiyar Khalji. , and Yalduz were his main commanders.
- Bakhtiyar Khalji destroyed Nalanda and Vikramshila University and defeated Lakshmian Sena of Bengal.
- After the death of Mohammad Ghori, Aibak ascended the throne in 1206.