Biology, Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells YouTube Lecture Handouts
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Prokaryotic Cell: Shape, Structure, Gram Positive & Gram Negative Bacteria
Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells
23 Differences
Nucleus | Present | Absent |
Number of chromosomes | More than one | One - but not true chromosome: Plasmids |
Cell Type | Usually multicellular | Usually unicellular (some cyanobacteria may be multicellular) |
True Membrane bound Nucleus | Present | Absent |
Example | Animals and Plants | Bacteria |
Genetic Recombination | Meiosis and fusion of gametes | Partial, undirectional transfers DNA |
Lysosomes and peroxisomes | Present | Absent |
Microtubules | Present | Absent or rare |
Endoplasmic reticulum | Present | Absent |
Mitochondria | Present | Absent |
Cytoskeleton | Present | May be absent |
DNA wrapping on proteins. | Eukaryotes wrap their DNA around proteins called histones. | Multiple proteins act together to fold and condense prokaryotic DNA. Folded DNA is then organized into a variety of conformations that are supercoiled and wound around tetramers of the HU protein. |
Ribosomes | larger | smaller |
Vesicles | Present | Present |
Golgi apparatus | Present | Absent |
Chloroplasts | Present (in plants) | Absent; chlorophyll scattered in the cytoplasm |
Flagella | Microscopic in size; membrane bound; usually arranged as nine doublets surrounding two singlets | Submicroscopic in size, composed of only one fiber |
Permeability of Nuclear Membrane | Selective | not present |
Plasma membrane with steroid | Yes | Usually no |
Cell wall | Only in plant cells and fungi (chemically simpler) | Usually chemically complexed |
Vacuoles | Present | Present |
Cell size | 10 - 100 um | 1 - 10 um |
Eukaryotic Cell | Prokaryotic Cell |
✍ Manishika