Foreign Invasions, Rajputs, Mohammad of Ghori and Delhi Sultanate
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Foreign Invasions
Mahmud of Ghazni
- Hindushahi ruler Jayapala invaded Ghazni with help the son of a former Ghazni governor. He was however defeated.
- In retaliation, Mahmud Ghazni (998 - 1030 AD) made 17 raids on India
- 1001 AD: Mahmud defeated Jayapala and took him prisoner but released. He committed suicide.
- 1008 - 09: Battle between Mahmud and Anandpala (Jayapala՚s son) . Anandapala defeated.
- Reason for subsequent raids: to get funds to continue his struggle in Central Asia
- Important raids
- 1018: Kanauj
- 1025: Somnath
- Seljuk empire came into being after Mahmud.
Rajputs
Major States
- Gahadavalas – Kanauj
- Paramara – Malwa [Ujjain. Dhara]
- Chauhans – Ajmer
- Kalachuris – Jabalpur
- Chandella – Bundelkhand
- Chalukya – Gujarat
- Tomars – Delhi
Nagara Architecture of Temples
- Vastupala: Chalukyan minister-built Jain Temples at Mt Abu
- Ujjain and Dhara: Sanskrit learning
- Hemachandra: Jain scholar wrote in Sanskrit and Apabhramsha
- Revival of Sanskrit: used by higher classes again
Mohammad of Ghori
- Shahabuddin Muhammad (aka Muizzuddin Muhammad)
- 1191: First battle of Tarain – Ghazni defeated
- 1192: Second battle of Tarain – Prithviraj defeated.
- Mohammad left: appointed Qutub-i-din Aibek
- 1194: Battle of Chandawar: Muhammad Ghori vs Jaichandra of Kanauj. Jaichander lost.
- Battles of Tarain and Chandawar laid the foundations of the Turkish rule in India.
- Bakhtiyar Khilji: Muhammad՚s Governor of Bengal
Delhi Sultanate
1206 - 1527
Slave Dyansty
After death of Muhammad Ghori
- Yalduz succeeded him at Ghori
- Qutubbdin Aibek succeeded him at Ghazni (1206 - 1210)
Aibak
- died after falling from his horse while playing polo
- two slaves: Iltutmish (son-in-law) and Qubacha
Iltutmish (1210 - 36)
- Real consolidator of Turkish conquests in India
- Aibak՚s slave Qubacha declared independence of Multan
- Ousted Qubacha from Multan and Uchch
Razia (1236 - 39)
- Defeated her wazir Nizam ul Mulk Junaidi
- Salve: Yakut Khan
Balban (1265 - 86)
- Aka Ulugh Khan
- Father in law of the sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud (1246 - 1266)
- Authoritarian and despot.
- Administered justice with impartiality
- Started sijada and paibos (prostration and kissing monarch՚s feet)
- Bughra Khan was his son who preferred to rule over Bengal