CBSE NET December 2015 Psychology Paper 3 Answer Key and Explanations

The detailed answer key and explanation for CBSE NET December 2015 Psychology Paper 3 will be available at Youtube Examrace Channel. The complete answers and explanations for this paper along with past papers for CBSE NET are available at Doorsteptutor. com CBSE NET Psychology Answers with Explanations.

1. The factors that influence social behavior and thoughts in certain ways are called:

Independent variables

Confounding variables

Dependent variables

Mediating variables

2. Read each of the following two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below:

Assertion (A) : In pre - conventional stage children understand morality on social customs and values,

Reason (R) : In pre - conventional stages children make decisions based on will be rewarded or punished.

Codes:

Both (A) and (R) are true arid (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct exploration of (A)

(A) is true, but (R) is false

(A) is false, but (IR) is true

3. Research shows that the following does not contribute to teacher effectiveness

Communication skills

Use of ICT

Years of experience

Use of student feedback

4. Match List - I with List - II arid select the correct answer by choosing from codes given below:

List-I list-II

(a) Graphic rating scales (i) Evaluation method where emp1oy are ranked from best to worst

(b) Behaviorally anchored rating Scales (ii) Evaluator rates employees on classification of some qualities.

(c) Group order ranking (iii) Evaluator rates performance factors on an incremental basis.

(d) Individual ranking (iv) Evaluator rates actual job related behavior along a continuum.

Codes:

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(iv) (iii) (i) (ii)

(iii) (iv) (ii) (i)

(ii) (iv) (iii) (i)

5. Read each of the following two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below:

Assertion (A) : Obsessive compulsive disorder is a disorder of thought and is thus classified in the

schizophrenia spectrum In DSM-5.

Reason (R) : Evidence base show5 that a combination of Pharmacotherapy and

Psychotherapy yields good results in OCD therapy.

Codes:

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

(A) is true but (R) is false

(A) is false but (R) i true

6. Phonemic restoration as we perceive speech in a noisy party is an example of:

Top down processing

Bottom up processing

Subliminal perception

Supraliminal perception

7. Feeing touchy or hypersensitive following an upsetting experience is a form of:

Imprinting

Habituation

Sensitization

Reflexive Behavior

8. Entry of information into long term memory depends upon

(a) Maintenance rehearsal

(b) Elaborative rehearsal

(c) Method of loci

(d) Primary memory

Codes:

(a) and (b)

(a) and (e)

(b) and (d)

(b) and (c)

9. Because it has the external features associated with the of dog, a wolf is perceived as a dog, This is an example of:

Centration

Equilibration

Object permanence

Prototype

10. Which of the following is the final destination for much of the brain՚s information about emotion before action is taken?

Amygdala

Anterior cingulate cortex

Pro-frontal cortex

Hypothalamus

11. Cattell Propounded gf-gc theory of intelligence mainly based on:

First order factors of abilities

Second order factors of abilities

Third order factors of abilities

Higher order factors of abilities

12. Which of the following are elements in Carl Rogers person centered theory of personality and Psychotherapy?

Ideal self

Congruence

Positive regard

dissonance

Codes

(a) , (b) and (c)

(b) , (c) and (d)

(a) , (c) and (d)

(a) . (b) and (d)

13. Which one of the following state is true?

The Global Five factors in personality refer to the second-order factors of 16 PF, latest edition.

The Global Five facto refer to the factors assessed by the Neo-Five Factor Inventory, latest edition.

The Global Five factors refer to the factors assessed by Goldberg՚s bipolar adjectives.

The Global Five factors are derived from Eysenck Personality Profiler, latest edition.

14. Read each of the following two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below:

Assertion (A) : Castration does not eliminate sexual behavior completely in mammals, including humans, of both sexes.

Reason (R) : Hormones do not play role in the regulation of sexual behavior.

Codes:

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

(A) is true, but (R) is false

(A) is false, but (R) is true

15. Read each of the following two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using codes given below:

Assertion (A) Helpful individuals perceive the world as fair and predictable in which good behavior is rewarded and bad behavior is punished.

Reason (R) : People believe in a just world.

Codes:

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

(A) is true, but (R) is false

(A) is false, hut (R) is true

16. Which of the following statements best defines maturation?

It is directly based on social-cognitive learning

It is an automatic biological development of the body that naturally unfolds over time

It does not take place in human beings

It is the basis of all physical and psychological developments

17. Read each of the following two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using codes given below:

Assertion (A) : Leaders exert powerful effects on followers through the attributions followers make about them

Reason (R) : Leaders have self-confidence and environmental sensitivity.

Code:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

(A) is true, but (R) is false

(A) is false, but (R) is true

18. The following disorders are coded on Axis I of a five axis diagnosis:

V codes

Personality disorders

Clinical conditions

Intellectual deficit

Codes:

(a) and (c) only

(b) and (d) only

(a) and (d) only

(b) and (c) only

19. Four important elements in the theory of signal detection are:

errors, hits, speed and accuracy

speed, accuracy, power and false alarm

hit, miss, correct rejection arid false alarm

acuity, efficacy, speed and power

20. In Hullian System the term Hierarchy of Responses is used to depict:

If the first innate response pattern does not alleviate a need, another pattern will occur.

If the second innate response pattern does not reduce the need another pattern will occur.

If the third innate response pattern does not work, still another pattern will occur and so on. .

If none of the innate behavior pattern is effective in reducing the need, the organism will stop responding.

Codes:

(a) , (b) and (c)

(a) , (c) and (d)

(b) , (c) and (d)

(a) , (b) and (d)

21. Jia had written a list to do her week end work, but incidentally left it home while going out for her first activity. Trying to remember the list, Jia remembers what was at the beginning of the list and what was at the end but not those things in the middle. This is an example of:

Encoding specificity effect

Flash bulb memory

Serial position effect

Tip-of-the tongue effect

22. How does one choose the option with the highest expected utility while making rational decision making? Find the correct sequence:

Assigning utilities

Weighting⟋multiplying the utilities by the likelihoods

Evaluating the likelihood of alternatives A

Assessing the consequences

Codes:

(a) , (d) , (b) , (c)

(a) , (c) , (b) , (d)

(a) , (d) , (c) , (b)

(c) , (d) , (a) , (b)

23. Brief stress enhances the activity of 1une system as evidenced by the action of ________

Macrophages

T cells

B cells

All the above

24. Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTcT) are mainly indexing:

Creative Products

Creative Processes

Creative Personality

Creative Persuasion

25. Personality assessments in forensic settings Use the following psychometric d behavioral measures:

Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)

Mi1o Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI)

Continuous Performance Test (CPT)

Sixteen Persona1j Factors Test (16 PF)

Cods:

(a) and (b)

(c) and (d)

(a) , (b) and (c)

(b) , (c) and (d)

26. Read each of the following two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using codes given below:

Assertion (A) : Paired comparison method is not considered suitable for scaling large number of attitude scale statements

Reason R: For computing scale values, paired comparison method uses Thurston՚s Law of comparative judgment.

Codes:

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

(A) is true, but (R) is false

(A) is false, but (R) is true

27. The following are found to be significant factors educational achievement:

teacher - student ratio

Medium of instruction

Rehearsal and practice

Environmental stimulation

Codes:

(a) and (b) only

(a) and (c) only

(a) , (c) and (d) only

(b) , (c) and (d) only

28. Which One of the Scaling method is more likely to yield multidimensional attitude Scale?

Guttmann Scalogram analysis

Paired comparison method

Equal appearing intervals method

Method of summated rating

29. When is aspiration a method of Choice to make a lesion?

in a deeper brain area

in an area of cerebral cortex

an irreversible lesion

in Underlying White matter

30. Trace e sequence of events turning default female sex of the fetus into male:

SRY gene produces Sry protein

Presence of Y chromosome

Testosterone masculinize Wolffian duct into seminal vesicles

Primitive gonad develop into testes

Mullerian inhibiting hormone defeminizes the fetus

Codes:

(a) , (d) , (e) , (c)

(b) , (d) , (e) , (a) , (c)

(b) , (d) , (a) , (e) , (c)

(d) , (b) , (a) , (c) , (e)

31. A Psychologist was administering a projective test which involved a word association task. She tended to nod and Se every time a plural word was given by the respondent. The following testing bias was seen:

Favoritism

Test wiseness

Selective reinforcement

Gender of assessor

32. Match List - I and List - II and select the correct answer by choosing from codes given below:

List - I List - II

(Measure of Personality Assessment) (Scoring element)

MMPI (i) V, X, Y, Z scales

MCMI (ii) Needs and presses

TAT (iii) Popular

Rorschach Inkblots (iv) L, F, IC scales

Codes:

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(iii) (ii) (i) (iv)

(ii) (iv) (iii) (i)

(j) (iii) (iv) (ii)

(iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

33. Read each of the following two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using codes given below:

Assertion (A) : gf and gc correlate Positively with each other with moderate magnitude,

Reason (R) : Cattell used second - order factor solutions for the identification of gf andgc were oblique.

Code:

Both (A) and (R) are e, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

(A) is true, but (R) is false

(A) is false, but (R) is true

34. The underlying motivation for acts of aggression is ________

Intent to harm

Anger

Retaliation

Need to exert control

35. Which of the following is a characteristic of Chomsky՚s theory?

Development of language is between three and five years of age

Language development is dependent on the reinforcements received by the child

Children acquire mistakes in language by observing their parents and others around them

Children have an innate mental grammar

36. Match List -J with List - II and select the correct answer by choosing from the codes given below:

List-I List-II

(a) Physical trauma (i) the cognitive and emotional upheaval that follows a highly distressing life.

(b) Psychological trauma (ii) Most of us remember nothing before the age of about 3 to

4 years.

(c) Infantile amnesia (iii) It may cause permanent amnesia if particular areas of the brain are damaged.

(d) Repression (iv) Distressing mental Content is transferred from the conscious to the Unconscious level of awareness.

Codes:

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) .

(ii) (iii) (iv) (i)

(iii) (i) (iv) (ii)

(iv) (iii) (ii) (i)

37. Match the item of List - I with items of List - II and select the correct answer from the answers given in Codes:

List -I List -II

(Concept) (Theorists)

(a) Vicarious Trial an Error (i) Skinner

(b) Hypothetical Deduction (ii) Toleman

(e) Cumulative recording (iii) Hull

(d) Reciprocal Determination (iv) bandura

Codes:

(a) (b) (e) (d)

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(i) (iii) (iv) (ii)

(ii) (iii) (i) (iv)

(iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

38. The Centre - surround organization of ganglion cells that enhance Contrast at edges in a visual environment is well illustrated by:

Craik bands

Mach bands

Luminance bands

optic bands

40. The growth needs of ERG theory are represented by various needs in Maslow՚s model:

Physiological and social needs

Safety needs d esteem needs

Social needs and esteem needs

Esteem needs and self-actualization needs

41. In Bloom՚s taxonomy of educational objectives, the following appear in ascending order:

Remember ⇾ Understand ⇾ Apply ⇾ Analyze

Apply ⇾ Analyze ⇾ Understand ⇾ Remember

Understand ⇾ Apply ⇾ Remember ⇾ Analyze

Analyze - Remember ⇾ Apply ⇾ Understand

42. Failure to develop Consistent identity results in

Inferiority

Role confusion

Stagnation

Social isolation

43. Helpers respond to the needs of a Victim because they want to accomplish something rewarding this may be referred as:

Negative state - relief model

Empathic - joy hypothesis

Empathy - altruism hypothesis

Pluralistic empathy

44. The Philosophy of Advaita Vedanta in respect of shaping beliefs does not distinguish between:

Self and non - self

Human and nature

Human and Society

Codes:

(a) and (b)

(a) and (c)

(b) and (c)

(a) , (b) and (c)

45. Which is the correct order of the emergence of following Psycho-social Strengths?

Love, Fidelity, Wisdom, Care

Care, Fidelity, Love, Wisdom

Fidelity, Love, Care, Wisdom

Care, Fidelity, Wisdom Love

46. From the following list of tools used by the career guidance, choose the odd one out:

DAT

GATB

DBDA

SVIB

47. Job design comprises of different aspects

Job enlargement

Job enrichment

Job rotation

Codes:

(a) and (b)

(a) and (c)

(b) and (c)

(a) , (b) and (c)

48. The following are disorders that are included in the anxiety disorders spectrum:

Panic disorder

Body dysmorphic disorder

PTSD

Fugue

Codes:

(a) and (b) only

(a) and (c) Only

(a) , (b) and (d)

(a) , (b) and (d)

49. Detecting movement in spite of camouflage is easier for people who are:

field dependent

field independent

both field dependent and field independent

neither field dependent nor field independent

50. Read the following statement and decides:

“If a rat that had previously learned to averse a maze or a runway to obtain food is placed directly into a non - empty goal box, it will stop traversing the maze or runway on Subsequent trials” What it exemplifies?

Latent Learning

Place Learning

Response Extinction

Latent Extinction

51. Match List - 1 with List - II and select the correct answer by choosing from the codes given below:

List-I List-II

(a) Encoding Failure (i) Information that not accessed evades from the Storage Over a time

(b) Proactive interference (ii) Inforrtj0 is not attended to encoding

(c) Decay (iii) newer information with the retrieval of

Older information

(d) Retroactive interference (iv) Older information already in memory interferes with the learning of new information

Codes:

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(i) (in) (iv) (ii)

(i) (iii) (iv) (i)

(ii) (iv) (i) (iii)

52. Read each of the following two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using codes given below:

Assertion (A) : Language affects our thought process

Reason (R) : Language affects our ability to store information

Codes:

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explaj0 of (A)

Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

(A) is true, but (R) is false

(A) is false, but (R) is true

53. Trace the right sequence of hypothetical series of events by McClelland in the context of n-Ach:

n - Ach in children

Independence training by Parents

Economic development

Self-reliance values

Codes:

(a) , (b) , (d) , (c)

(d) , (b) , (a) , (c)

(a) (d) , (b) , (c)

(d) , (b) , (c) , (a)

54. Match the items of List - I with the items of List - II and select the correct answer from answer codes given below:

List-I List-II

(Concept) (Description)

Little - C (i) Everyday creativity

Big - C (ii) Creativity in Eminents

Pro - C (iii) Creativity in a chosen profession

Mini - C (iv) Personal creativity

Codes:

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(ii) (i) (iv) (iii)

(iii) (ii) (i) (iv)

(i) (ii) (iv) (iii)

55. Read each of the following two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below:

Assertion (A) : Projective techniques are difficult to standardize and norm.

Reason (R) : Projective techniques are not timed tests.

Codes:

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

(A) is true, but (R) is false

(A) is false, but (R) is true

56. A 19 year old boy was administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children by the clerical staff of a busy Psychologist who later wrote the test report. A Xerox copy of the test material was shared with the child՚s parents to ensure that he performs well. The following ethical principles of testing were violated.

Use of appropriate test

Professional qualification of tester

Copyright

Culture fair testing

Codes:

(1) (a) and (c) only

(2) (b) and (c) only

(3) (a) , (b) and (c) Only

(4) All of the above

57. Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer by choosing from the codes given below:

List-I List-II

(Sleep Phenomenon) (EEG display)

Stage - 1 sleep (i) Single large -ve wave followed by large + ve wave

Stage -3 sleeps (ii) Low voltage high frequency EEC signal

Sleep spindle (iii) Occasional presence of delta waves

K - complex (iv) Waxing and Wang burst of 12 - 14 Hz wave

Codes:

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(i) (iv) (iii) (ii)

(2) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)

(iii) (iv) (i) (ii)

(iv) (iii) (ii) (i)

58. Emergent stage - 1 sleep is characterized by:

Sleep - spindle

Electrographic changes

electro-oculographic changes

K - complex

Codes: 7

(a) and (b)

(a) and (d)

(a) , (c) and (d)

(b) , (c) and (d)

59.5e j conceptualized in Western and Eastern perspectives on Personality, respectively, as:

Free and deterministic

Instinctive and learned

Ideal and real

Independent and interdependent

60. Match the items of List - I and List - II and select the correct answer from the answers given below:

List - I List - II

(Scholars) (Concepts)

(a) Cattell (i) Assortative Mating

(b) Jensen (ii) Investment Hypothesis

(c) Sternberg (iii) Wisdom

(d) Spearman (iv) Positive Manifold

Codes:

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(ii) (i) (iv) (iii)

(iii) (iv) (ii) (i)

(ii) (i) (iii) (iv)

61. Match the items of List - I and List - II and select the correct answer from the answers given below:

List-I List - II

(Tools⟋Theory) (Features)

Kelley՚s Personal Construct 1heory (i) 11 categories of scoring TAT

Murray՚s TAT (ii) 6 subcategories of needs and goals

McClelland and Atkinson՚s measure of n-Ach (iii) 20 needs

Rotter՚s scale (iv) One postulate and ti corollaries

Codes:

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(iv) (iii) (ii) (i)

(ii) (iii) (iv) (i)

(iii) (iv) (i) (ii)

(iv) (iii) (i) (ii)

62. Match List - 1 with List - II and select the correct answer by choosing from the codes given below:

List-I List - II

(Concept) (Description)

Phonemes (i) Smallest meaningful combination of sounds

Syntax (ii) Effective and appropriate use of language in social context

Morphemes (iii) Basic sound of consonants and vowels

Pragma tics (iv) Combination of words to make meaningful phrases and sentences

Code:

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(ii) (iii) (iv) (i)

(iii) (iv) (i) (ii)

(iv) (iii) (ii) (i)

63. Read each of the following two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using codes given below:

Assertion (A) : The forgetting of a memory is caused by the disappearance of its engram over a period of time.

Reason (R) : Once the engram has disappeared, the memory no longer exists anywhere in the memory system.

Code:

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

(A) is true, but (R) is false

(A) is false, but (R) is true

64. Which is the correct sequence of Reinforcement schedules interims of their effectiveness in response rate and resistance to extinction during learning experiments?

Variable Ratio ⇾ Fixed Ratio ⇾ Variable Interval ⇾ Fixed Interval ⇾ Continuous

Reinforcement schedule

Fixed Ratio - Variable Ratio ⇾ Fixed Interval - Variable Interval ⇾ Continuous

Reinforcement schedule

Continuous Reinforcement schedule ⇾ Variable Ratio ⇾ Fixed Ratio ⇾ Variable Interval

Fixed Interval

Variable Ratio ⇾ Variable Interval ⇾ Fixed Ratio ⇾ Fixed Interval ⇾ Continuous

Reinforcement schedule

65. When a Background Interference Procedure was used experimentally, the following findings became apparent?

Field independent persons did better than field dependent persons

Field dependent persons did better than field independent persons

Both field dependent and field independent persons did equally well

BIP enhanced the performance of all subjects

66. People with moderate mental retardation would have an IQ in the range of:

10 to 19

35 to 54

55 to 70

20 to 34

67. The following is not typically found in a school guidance counsellor՚s office:

Sand pit

Lie detector

Psychometric tests

Puppets and play dough

68. The following social factors play a role in educational settings:

Co-operation

Competition

Peer influence

Role modelling

Codes:

(a) and (b) only

(b) and (c) only

(c) and (d) only

All the above

69. According to Piaget the children are able to grasp the concept of object permanence arid

Conservation in:

Sensory motor stage

Pre-operational stage

Concrete operational stage

Formal operations stage

70. Match List - 1 with List - LI, and select the correct answer by choosing from the codes given below:

List- I List- II

(a) Symbolic social influence (i) a form of social influence in which one person orders to perform some action

(b) Normative social influence (ii) Social influence based on the desire to be correct

(c) Informational social influence (iii) Social influence based on the desire to be liked

(d) Obedience (iv) Social influence resulting from the mental representation of others or our relationship

Codes:

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(ii) (iii) (iv) (j)

(iii) (iv) (i) (ii)

(iv) (iii) (ii) (i)

Instructions for Q. Nos. 71 to 75.

Read the following paragraph arid answer the five questions which follow:

Paragraph: Experimental personality research was extremely popular after 1950 for about three to four decades. In experimental personality research, one of the major focuses is to study how the effect of experimentally manipulated independent variable is moderated by personality variable⟋s. In one of such study, the researcher wanted to study whether the effect of interpolated learning (A) is moderated by Anxiety (B) . The researcher hypothesized that the interpolated learning would adversely affect the recall of original learning, more in high anxious subjects than low anxious subjects. Using a standardized Anxiety scale, from an initial pool of two hundred subjects, fifty high and fifty low anxious subjects were obtained.

Both, high as well as low anxious groups were further divided into two groups-Experimental group and Control group. The experimental groups first learned List A of CVC trigrams then learned another List - List B of CVC trigrams with similar association values, and then tested for Recall (A) . The subjects in control groups learned List then they received the cancellation task for the specific period (equal to the average time, taken by the corresponding experimental group to learn List B) . The subjects were then tested for the Recall of (A) . GroupWise means and standard deviations for recall scores were obtained.

The standard deviations were found comparable across the groups. Treating recall

Scores as the dependent variable, the appropriate ANOVA was carried out. The main effect of A was found significant at 0.05 levels. Similarly, the F-ratio, defined as MSA > c B MSE was found statistically significant at 0.01 level.

71. Which one of the following design is used in the above research?

Multigroup design with single LV.

2 × 2 factorial design

2 × 2 mixed factorial design

Repeated measures design

72. Which one of the following statement is true in the context of above study?

The assumption of homogeneity of variance was satisfied.

The assumption of homogeneity of variance was not satisfied.

The correction for heterogeneity of variance was required.

The data are insufficient to evaluate the assumption of homogeneity of variance.

73. On the basis of the information provided about the main effect of A, it can be concluded that:

Interpolated learning had no effect on the recall of A.

Interpolated learning caused retroactive interference.

Interpolated learning caused retroactive facilitation.

Either retroactive interference or retroactive facilitation has occurred.

74. What would be the degrees of freedom for the numerator and denominator of the F - ratio defined as MSA x E⟋MSE?

1 and 96 respectively

1 and 98 respectively

2 and 97 respectively

3 and % respectively

75. Which of the following conclusion⟋s can be drawn about the researcher՚s hypothesis?

Researcher՚s hypothesis has been verified.

Researcher՚s hypothesis has not been verified.

Full data have not been presented which is necessary to evaluate the researcher՚s hypothesis.

Anxiety moderated the effect of interpolated learning.

Codes:

(a) only

(a) and (d) only

(c) and (d) only

(b) and (d) only

Examrace Team at Aug 21, 2021