CBSE-2023 Syllabus for Philosophy Classes XI and XII
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Objectives
Philosophy, a theoretical enterprise with practical applications, aims at understanding the nature and meaning of life and Reality. It is both a view of reality and a way of life. It is considered to be the mother of all branches of knowledge. The nature of Philosophy is that in it no answer is left unquestioned. It attempts to understand and explain the fundamental axioms and presuppositions which are taken for granted by all branches of knowledge. The + 2 syllabus is designed to give the students a glimpse of the nature of problems and the way they are dealt with in its various branches-Logic, Ethics, Classical Indian Philosophy and Western Philosophy.
Class XI (Theory) 3 Hours and 100 Marks
Unitwise Weightage
Scientific Method
Units | Marks |
Methods of Natural and Social Sciences | 10 Marks |
Observation and Experiment | 10 Marks |
Science and Hypothesis | 10 Marks |
Mill՚s Methods of Experimental Inquiry | 10 Marks |
Nyaya Theory of Knowledge (General Survey) | 10 Marks |
Logic
Units | Marks |
The nature and subject matter of logic | 06 Marks |
Terms and Propositions Relation between Propositions | 15 Marks |
Categorical Syllogism | 10 Marks |
Elements of Symbolic Logic | 06 Marks |
Buddhist Formal Logic | 13 Marks |
Unit 1: Methods of Natural and Social Sciences-20 Pds
Value of Science. Nature and aim of Scientific Methods: Difference between Scientific induction, and Induction by simple enumeration. Difference between methods of Natural Sciences and Social Sciences.
Unit 2: Observation and Experiment-20 Pds
Their Differences; fallacies of observation.
Unit 3: Science and Hypothesis-25 Pds
The place of hypothesis in scientific method. Formulation of relevant hypothesis. Formal conditions of valid hypothesis. Hypothesis and crucial experiments.
Unit 4: Mill՚s Methods of Experimental Inquiry 25 Pds
The method of agreement; The method of difference.
The joint method of agreement and difference; The method of concomitant variation.
The method of residue
Unit 5: Nyaya Theory of Knowledge-30 Pds
General Survey-Prama, Pramana, Pramanya, Pratyaksa, Anumana, Upamana, Sabda
Locic
Unit 6: The nature and scope of logic-14 Pds.
What is Logic? Use and application of Logic. Difference between Truth and Validity
Unit 7: Terms and Propositions-30 Pds
Definition of Term; Denotation and Connotation of Terms. Definition of Proposition and traditional classification of Propositions. Distribution of Terms.
Relation between Propositions-12 Pds
Traditional Square of Propositions
Unit 8: Categorical Syllogism-24 Pds
Its definition: Rules of valid syllogism and Fallacies.
Unit 9: Elements of Symbolic Logic 14 Pds
Value of using symbols in Logic Basic Truth-tables.
Unit 10: Buddhist Formal Logic: Theory of Anuman-26 Pds
Suggested reference:
English
- Bhola Nath Roy-Text-book of Inductive Logic
- Bhola Nath Roy-Text-book of Deductive Logic
- I. M. Copi-Introduction to Logic.
- S. C. Chatterjee-Nyaya Theory of Knowledge
- C.
- D. Bijalrav-Indian Theory of Knowledge
- S. R. Bhatt and Anu Mehrotra-Buddhist Epistemology
Class XII (Theory) 3 Hours and 100 Marks
Indian Philosophy-50 Marks
Unit 1 Nature and Schools of Indian Philosophy-10 Marks
Some basic issues: Rta; Karma; Four Purusarthas: Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksa
Unit 2 Philosophy of Bhagavad Gita-10 Marks
Karma Yoga (Anasakta Karma/Niskama Karma) .
Svadhrama; Lokasamgraha.
Unit 3 Buddhism and Jainism-10 Marks
Four Noble Truths and Eight-fold path; Theoery of Dependent Origination.
Anekantavada and Syadvada
Unit 4 Vaisesika and Samkhya-Yoga
- Vaisesika Theory of Padartha
- Samkhya Theory of Purusa and Prakrti
- Yoga-The Eight-fold path.
Unit 5 Vedanta-Traditional and Modern
- Sankara՚s concept of Brahman and Maya
- Vivekananda՚s Practical Vedanta
WESTERN PHILOSOPHY-40 Marks
Unit 6 Retionalism (Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz) -10 Marks
Unit 7 Empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume) -10 Marks
Unit 8 Kant՚s Critical Philosophy-10 Marks
Unit 9 The Causal Principle
Aristotle՚s of theory of four-fold causation; Cause-effect relationship; Theories of Causation: Entailment, Regularity and Succession. 10 Marks
Applied Ethics-10 Marks
Unit 10
- Environmental Ethics: Study of Physical, Mental and Spiritual Environments.
- Professional Ethics: Legal, Medical, Media, Business.
- Philosophy of Education-10 Marks
Suggested References
In English
- Chattarjee & Datta-Introduction to Indian Philosophy
- M Hiriyana-Essentials of Indian Philosophy
- CD Sharma-Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy
In Hindi
- Chattarjee & Dutta-Bharatiya Darsana-Eka Parichaya
- CD. Sharma-Bhartiya Darsana Ka Samiksatmaka Sarveksana
- DD. Bijalwana-Bhartiya Darsana
In English
- Will Durant-Story of Philosophy
- Thilly & Wood-History of Western Philosophy
- Y Masih-Critical History of Western Philosophy
In Hindi
- BN. Singh-Paschatya Darsana
- CD. Sharma-Paschatya Darsana
- Y Masih-Paschatya Darsana Ka Samiksatmaka Itihasa
In English
SR. Bhatt: Applied Philosophy, Value Theory and Business Ethics