CSIR NET JRF: Revision Terminology Part 21

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Man – 23 pair chromosome – 22 pair = autosomes.
Man – 23 pair chromosome – 1 pair = sex / all some / heterosome (Me. Clung)
In some extra chromosome are found in addition to present No = supernumerary / accessory/ B – Chromosome
Lamp brush chromosome – Oocytes – flemming, prolonged diplotene stage of prophase I
Lamp brush chromosome – axis
Lamp brush chromosome – chromo mere – tightly coiled
Lamp brush chromosome – loops – rich in DNA, RNA & protein, lateral
Chromomere – coiled, beaded (of polytene respiratory for banding pattern)
Chromocenter – heterochromatic regions near centromere (in polytene they appear as attached together)
Knobs – Spherical heterochromatin, which may reach size of chromosome itself.
Cycas – stem unbranched, male gamete (motile) two cotyledons, pinnately compound leaf, manoxylic wood, megasporophyll loosely arranged, palm like, simple polyembrony.
Pinus – Branched more cotyledons, simple leaf, pycnoxylic wood, tail woody perennial dimorphic branches, foliage leaf – like needle, cleavage polyembroyony, male – non motile.
Gymnosperm – naked seed plant, overliferous scales arranged in cones.
Gymnosperm xylem vessels absent (most common)
Gymnosperm phloem lacks Companion cells
Leaf – sunken stomata, thick cuticle
Lateral translocation of food by transfusion tissues
Mega & microsporophyll in cones / strobili
Megasporophyll –> orthotropous unitegmic –> female
Microsporophyll –> eusporangiate –> male –> non motile
Cones / strobili –> monosprorangiate (unisereal)
Archegonium (single egg & 1 venter canal cell – neck canal are absent)
Pollination by wind, siphonoganic fertilization, development – meroblastic, endosperm – haploid
Araucania – thrive at low elevation & warm climates
Ephedra – only scaly leave pr. (bisporangiate cones)
Conifers – largest, heaviest & longest lived organism in world
Embryo = endoscopic – polyembrony
Ginkgo biloba – living fossil
Cycas – sago palm, tropical, unbranched stem, endodermis & pericycle are single layered radial V.B, adventitious roots which are dichotomous branch stem= caudex
Cycas beddomei = trimala hills of Andhra Pradesh
Stem Cycas revolute – Japanese – ornamental
Cells with sphaeraphides in cortere
VB = collateral, endarch, open, eustele,
Xylem of tracheid & phloem of sieve tubes.
Vascular Bundle concentric rings due to vascular cambium rings
Soft wood = manoxylic wood.
Absence of lateral veins, presence of transfusion tissue
metamorphosed leaflets.
Epidermis = cuticle
Hypodermis dioeciously = sclerenchyma, Vascular Bundle = inverted omega shaped – diplonelic
Mesophyll = palisade + spongy
Single layered tapetum – nourishment
Male => microsporophyll, central axis, spirally + axis
4 microsporophyll arranged tetrahedrally
Mature pollen grain has a depression colpus on one side & pollen grains appear boat shaped.
Ovules mature in archegonia chamber opposite to pollen chamber.
Cycas – biggest antherozoid & biggest ovule
Fertilization = siphonogamous – Zooidogamy.
Generative cell – stalk cell.
Generative cell – Body cell – 2 spernatozoids (antherozoids) – top shaped, multicalited
Megaspore = first cell of female gametophyte.
Embryo – upper – Neustria
Embryo – middle – suspensor
Embryo – lower – embryonal
Nucellus –> Perisperem
Integument -> seed coat
Female gametophyte –> endosperm
Zygote –> embryo
Ovule –> seed
Cellularization is centripetal
PINUS – female prothallus = endosperms
PINUS – sporophyte dominant on gametophyte
Seed = adaxial + endospermic
Male cone – Cluster behind apical bud at base of new shoot
Female cone – in axil leaf of top
Pollen grain –> male prothallus -> antheridia cell -> generative + tube cell
Megasporophyll -> lower bract
Megasporophyll -> upper ovuliferous
Female gametophyte – a solid mass of tissue within nacelles endosperm.
Function of CoA is to activate acetyl group. (by higher energy sculpture bond)
Glycolysis – only glyceraldehyde 3-p under goes further
Glycolysis inhibited when ATP in sufficient amount – act as allosteric inhibitor of enzyme phosphor – fructokinase.
Multieng complex – matrix of mitochondria
Eng actinose has fe -> center