Climate Change-Global Scenario: Green Growth
Green Growth
- OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) released a report.
- Title- “Green Growth Indicators 2017” .
- Highlights-The slow progress in achieving the Green Growth.
- Fostering economic growth and development.
- Ensuring the natural assets continue to provide the resource and environment services.
- Measured by Green Growth Indicators.
Covering everything from land use to CO2 productivity and innovation like
- Environmental and resource productivity.
- The natural asset base.
- Environmental dimension of quality of life.
- Economic opportunities and policy responses.
Report Highlights
- China and the US extract the most non-energy raw materials.
- India and Brazil (mostly biomass) and South Africa and Canada (mostly metals) .
- Nearly 90% of green technologies originate in OECD countries.
- Rising contributions of India and China.
Global Green Growth Institution (GGGI)
- Headquartered in Seoul (South Korea) .
- A treaty based inter-governmental organization.
- India is not the founding member but associated with research work.
Established in 2012 at the Rio + 20 United Nations Conferences on Sustainable Development.
- Green Growth and Development relevance to India
- A collaborative project of Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) .
- The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) .
Mitigation Measures
Green Climate Fund
- Recent G20 summit at Hamburg.
- Disagreement between the US and the other 19 countries.
- Sustainability of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) .
- A global fund created to support the efforts of developing countries.
- Responding to the challenge of climate change.
- Set up by the 194 countries who are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2010.
- Part of the Convention՚s financial mechanism.
- Delivery of equal amounts of funding to mitigation and adaptation coming from developed
- Countries and also from some developing countries, regions and one city (Paris) .
GCF՚s activities and Fund՚s attention
- Principle of country ownership.
- National and subnational organisations.
- Receives funding directly.
- Needs of societies.
- Least Developed Countries (LDCs) .
- African.
- States Small Island Developing States (SIDS) .
Global Seed Vault
- The Svalbard Global Seed Vault.
- Completion of 10 years of official opening.
- It is a state-of-the-art seed protection facility.
- Also known as the Doomsday or the Apocalypse Seed Bank or Noah՚s Ark for seeds.
- Situated in the remote Arctic Svalbard archipelago.
- Established in 2008.
- Serves as the primary backup for the world՚s other seed banks.
- Holding nearly one million seed samples from the world՚s gene banks at present.
India՚s Seed Vault
- Situated at Chang La, Ladakh.
- Joint initiative of the Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR) and the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) in 2010.
- Under the aegis of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) .
- Seed facility available in India- One set up by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) New Delhi.
Indian Quake and Sagar Vani
- Ministry of Earth Sciences.
- India Quake app and Sagar Vani app launched.
- To enable users receive information about natural hazards on land and water.
Quake App
- Developed by National centre for Seismology.
- Automatic dissemination of earthquake parameter such as location, time and magnitude.
- Avoid delay of information in the vent of magnitude.
Sagar Vani App
- Ministry of Earth Sciences.
- A software platform.
- Developed by ESSO Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) .
- Uses state of art technology for dissemination of ocean related information.
- Advisory services such as Potential Fishing Zone (PFZ) advisories.
- Ocean State Forecast (OSF) .
- High Wave Alerts and Tsunami early warnings.
ESSO-Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS)
- Set up as an autonomous body.
- Ministry of Earth Sciences.
- A unit of Earth System Science Organization (ESSO) .
- Mandated to provide information and advisory services to government agencies, industries etc.
International Cooperation
Sustainable Biofuels
- Two day international conference.
- Hosted by India on behalf of Mission Innovation and Biofuture Platform.
First Generation of Biofuels
- Produced directly from food crops.
- Most widely used feedstock- Wheat and Sugar.
Second Generation Biofuel
- Produced from marginal croplands.
- Unsuitable for food production or non-food crops.
- Wood, organic waste, food crop waste.
- For example- Jatropha.
- Aimed at being cost competitive in relation to existing fossil fuels and increasing Net energy gains.
Third Generation Biofuels
- Based on improvements on the production of biomass.
- Advantage of specially engineered energy crops such as algae as its energy source.
Algae are cultured to act
- A low-cost.
- High energy.
- Renewable feedstock.
Fourth Generation Biofuels
- Aimed at producing sustainable energy.
- Capturing and storing carbon dioxide.
- The carbon dioxide captured can be then geo-sequestered.
- Fourth generation biofuel production has become carbon negative due to carbon capture.
- India՚s first generation (2G) Ethanol plant has been setup in Uttarakhand.
Challenges
- Sustainable Biofuel Innovation Challenge (SBIC) .
- Smart Grids Innovation Challenge.
- Carbon Capture Innovation Challenge.
- Converting Sunlight Innovation Challenge.
- Clean Energy Materials Innovation Challenge.
- Off-Grid Access to Electricity Innovation Challenge.
Biofuture Platform
- A 20-country effort to promote an advanced low carbon bio economy.
- Sustainable, innovative and scalable.
- Proposed by Brazil- Serving as the interim secretariat.
National Policy on Bio-Fuels Features
- Bio-diesel production from non-edible oil seeds in waste⟋degraded⟋marginal lands.
- An indicative target of 20% blending of biofuels, both for bio-diesel and bio-ethanol by 2017.
- With periodic revision Minimum Support Price (MSP) for non-edible oil seeds would be announced.
- With periodic revision announcement of Minimum Purchase Price (MPP) for purchase of bio-ethanol and bio-diesel.
- Setting up a National Biofuel Coordination Committee, headed by the Prime Minister.
- Providing policy guidance and coordination.
- Setting up Biofuel Steering Committee chaired by Cabinet Secretary.
- Coordinating Ministry for biofuel development and utilization- The Ministry of New & Renewable Energy.
✍Examrace Team at Aug 23, 2021