Highlight on Health Medical Developments-Expected Questions 2017 Part-5

We will be covering the important questions and topics for competitive examinations for 2017 related to Defense and related policies. As per video tutorials and lectures at YouTube@Examrace

Expected Questions on Health: UPSC IAS 2017

Telemedicine

  • Interaction between patient & doctor without physically facing each other.
  • By IT and telecommunication networks.
  • Remote area connectivity for medical facilities.
  • Urgency of consultation like eye treatment etc
  • Treatment and consultation of contagious disease like Ebola etc
  • Connecting PHCs
  • Cost benefit for patients
  • Speedy diagnosis and treatment facility.
  • Health care to neglected sections
Telemedicine Concept

DNA Supercomputers

  • Specialized in genome sequencing.
  • Fast DNA sequencing
  • Keep record of DNA information
  • High-speed, low-cost sequencing system.

Antibiotics & Superbugs

  • Antibiotics: Destroys or prohibit the growth of bacteria
  • Used for treatment but with the extensive use and due to improper medical practices, these harmful bacteria get resistant to them.
  • Pathogens resistant to existing antibiotics - Superbugs or Multidrug Resistant (MDR) .
  • Some Examples of MDR are: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, E. coli etc.

Bio-spleen

  • To clean and remove infections from blood without knowing the actual infections and impurities.
  • Remove pathogens, bacteria, fungus, virus and toxins
  • Coats bacteria in magnetic nanobeads, then pulls the magnetic bacteria out of the blood when it is passed through the machine
  • Treat sepsis which got widespread due to antibiotic resistant.

Artifical Womb

  • Fluid filled Biobag
  • Help develop pre mature babies
  • Ventilators can cause lung damage - will prevent it

Protein ProB - Vaccine against Cancer

  • Found on the exterior of bacteria (neisseria meningidis)
  • Increase antibody production
  • Stimulate cytotoxic T cells to kill offending agent
  • Can do both

National Vector Borne Disease Control Program

  • Launched in 2003 - 04
  • Merged several individual vector disease programmers.
  • It works under Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.
  • Directorate of National Vector Borne Disease Control Program (NVBDCP) is the central nodal agency for the prevention and control of vector borne diseases
  • Includes vector disease: Malaria, Dengue, Lymphatic Filariasis, Kala-azar, Japanese Encephalitis and Chikungunya - widespread in India.
  • Create awareness on control and preventive measures
  • Participative program

Surrogate Advertising (SA)

  • Indirect advertisement technique used by liquor and tobacco companies to advertise their product and their brand value in the name of other products with the same brand name.
  • Got popular because of ban of direct advertisement of tobacco and liquor products.
  • Circumvent a ban on direct advertisements of particular products.
  • To keep the brand name in the minds of the people
  • Hayward՚s 5000 is Liquor Brand but its selling Drinking water bottles with the same Brand.
  • Banned in India.
  • It violated Article 13 of WHO՚s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) .

Junk Food

  • Readymade, processed and packed and contains low calorific value.
  • Harmful fats like trans-fats in more quantity, excessive salts and sugar.
  • Chronic diseases
  • Childhood obesity
  • CSE demanded a ban of junk food in and around school
  • Leads to depression, risk of eating disorder.
  • Diabetes, Hypertension
  • Early puberty, orthopedic problem
  • High Cholesterol

Integrated Medicines

  • Cure disease & maintain wellness.
  • Healthy relation between Patient and Doctor
  • Conventional medicine with alternative or complementary treatments.
  • World Association of Integrated Medicine is an Organization for Global Establishment of Integrated Medicine.
  • National Integrated Medical Association (NIMA) is an Indian non-governmental organization that is involved in this practice
Integrative Medicine

Salvage Therapy

  • Treat diseases which do not respond to standard medicinal system.
  • Called Third-line therapy or Rescue therapy.
  • Tumors and AIDS are in line with Salvage Therapy.
  • Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is Salvage Therapy for HIV⟋AIDS which was started by Ministry of Health, Govt. of India, free of cost to diseased.
  • It was announced while launch of the National AIDS Control Program Phase IV (2012 - 2017) .

Examrace Team at Aug 23, 2021