Rural Women: Key to New Indias Agrarian Revolution (December)
India is celebrating 75 years of independence with “Azaadi ka Amrit Mahotsav” and promulgating mission of warranting women as “Empowered Women-Empowered Nation” . The workforce participation rate for rural females (41%) is much higher than the urban females (35.3%) .
Since independence there several government schemes and programmes are initiated to improve rural women՚s socio-economic statute. Some of them are
- Prime Minister՚s employment Generation Programme (PMEGP)
- National Livelihoods Mission
- Deen Dayal Upadhayay Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY)
- Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
- Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
- Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY)
Rural Women Workforce in Agriculture Sector
- There is 80% participation of rural women in agriculture and allied sectors.
- 33% as agricultural labour and 48% are self-employed farmers.
- They are involved at all levels of agricultural chain (production-pre harvest, post-harvest processing, packaging, and marketing) .
- According to FAO,
- Women are the momentous demographic group for sustainable food system
- Women oriented reforms providing equal opportunities would increase agricultural output of a developing country between 2.5 and 4% .
Gender Mainstreaming in Agriculture
- Special beneficiary-oriented schemes are laid by Department of Agriculture and Farmers′ Welfare. These schemes provide for states and implementing agencies to incur at least 30% expenditure on women farmer.
- Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers′ Welfare and Ministry of Rural Development launched some programmes for skill development and capacity building of women farmer.
- Support to state Extension Programmes for Extension Reforms (ATMA Scheme)
- Skill training courses in agriculture and allied sector.
- Other initiatives of Ministry of Agriculture Gender sensitization Module, Farm Women Friendly Handbook, Compilation of best practices and success stories of women farmers.
Empowering Women Farmers: Skill and Capacity Building
Several inter-ministerial initiatives helped rural women to gain socio economic standard.
- Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP)
- Launched by Ministry of Rural Development
- Aim is to provide skill development and capacity building programmes for rural women
- A sub-component of DAY-NRLM where use of latest agriculture, allied techniques is imparted to women farmers. Implemented through state Rural Livelihoods Mission.
- Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana- implemented by Ministry of skill Development and Entrepreneurship. It provides short duration skill training programmes.
- Several research projects are led by ICAR-Central Institute for Women in Agriculture, Bhubaneswar for enhancing participation of women in agriculture.
- Several programmes by Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers′ Welfare include food security by kitchen gardening, design and development of low-cost diet, processing and cooking, rural crafts, women and child care.
- Biotech-Krishi Innovation Science Application Network (Biotech-KISAN) initiated by Department of Biotechnology to provide scientific solutions to farmers of north east.
✍Examrace Team at Jun 20, 2022