3rd Nuclear Security Summit 2014
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The Third Installment of the Nuclear Security Summit took place in The Hague, Netherlands from 24th - 25th March 2014. The Summit was attended by 58 World Leaders, 5000 delegates and 3000 journalists.
The Goal of the Summit was to address the threat of nuclear terrorism by enhancing international co-operation to prevent illegitimate acquisition of nuclear materials and technologies by harmful actors like terrorist groups and smugglers. Another objective was to assess which objectives from the previous Washington, DC Summit and Seoul Summit had not been accomplished in these four years and mapping out the way to achieve them.
Highlights
The Summit aimed to prevent Nuclear Terrorism by:
- Reducing the amount of dangerous nuclear material in the world-HEU (Highly Enriched Uranium) and Plutonium
- Improving the security of all nuclear material and radioactive sources
- Improving international cooperation
The Biggest Success of NSS came when Japan agreed to transfer more than 700 pounds of weapons-grade plutonium and a large quantity of highly enriched uranium to the U. S. Which was large enough “to build dozens of nuclear weapons” For so many decades Japan had piled-up stock of Weapon-grade material that it could create its own army of nuclear weapons, but Japan՚s Security measures were always criticized.
The second big achievement in The Hague was a “Gift Basket” which is an initiative as well as agreement on Strengthening Nuclear Security Implementation. It was signed by 35 economies, although not Russia, China, India, or Pakistan. The United States, South Korea and the Netherlands used this opportunity to obtain explicit commitments to the security standards recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) .
13 countries had subscribed to the HEU-free Joint Statement. They underlined the importance of HEU minimization and asked all countries to eliminate all HEU from their territories before the NSS 2016.
30 countries supported development of a National Legislation Implementation Kit on Nuclear Security that countries could use as building blocks to incorporate the various guidelines into binding national regulations
On the Sidelines of the Summit an emergency meeting of G7 leaders was called by US President Barack Obama on Russia՚s annexation of Crimea since March 2014 (First time G8 without Russia) . The Ukraine Crises unintentionally formed the backdrop of this Summit.In this meeting, they all mutually decided to Suspend Russia՚s Participation in G8 until it changes course and the next G8 which was supposed to take place in Russia would now take place in Brussels.
Report Card
26 of the 28 NSS countries that had at least 1 kg of HEU at the time of the Washington Summit indicated that they have taken action to reduce the amount of dangerous nuclear material.
Since the Last Summit in Seoul, 15 metric tons of HEU had been down-blended to Low Enriched Uranium (LEU) , which will be used as fuel for nuclear power plants, which is equivalent to approximately 500 nuclear weapons.