Computer & Main Parts of Computer β Terminology of Computers
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Computer Terminology
- JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is an ISO/IEC group of experts that develops and maintains standards for a suite of compression algorithms for computer image files.
- Kernel It is the fundamental part of a program, such as an operating system, that resides in memory at all times.
- Key Field - A unique field in a record used to distinguish one record from another.
- Label - One or more characters used to Identify a statement and instruction or a data field in a computer program.
- Landscape - A printer feature, generally controlled by software, which rotates the output image by 90- to print across the length rather than the width of the paper.
- Link - A communication path between two nodes or channel.
- Linux β A type of open source software. When combined with other components, Linux serves as an increasingly popular operating system that competes with Microsoft Windows.
- Loop A sequence of instructions that is executed repeatedly until a terminal condition occurs.
- Megahertz (Mhz) β A measurement used to identify the speed of the central processing unit. One
- Memory β The part of a computer that stores information.
- Menu β A list of choices shown on the display screen.
- Merge Combining two or more files into a single file.
- Microprocessor A complete Central Processing Unit (CPU) contained on a single silicon chip.
- MIDI Stands for Music Instrument Digital Interface. It allows a computer to store and replay a musical instrumentΥs output.
- Minimize A term used in a GUI operating system that uses windows. It refers to reducing a window to an icon, or a label at the bottom of the screen, allowing another window to be viewed.
- MIPS β An acronym derived from Millions of Instruction Per Second (MIPS) It is used to measure the speed of a processor.
- Morphing The transformation of one image into another image.
- MS-DOS an early operating system developed by Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft Disc Operating System) .
- Multitasking can simultaneously work with several programs or interrelated tasks that share memories, codes, buffers and files.
- Multithreading It is a facility available in an operating system that allows multiple functions from the same application packages.
- Multiuser The term describing the capability of a computer system to be operated at more than one terminal at the same llf 11Β°
- Multiplexer It is a device That combines multiple input signals into an aggregate signal for transmission.
- Notebook computer β A portable computer. Also known as a laptop computer.
- Object β Refers to a particular instance of a class where the object can be a combination of variables, functions, and data structures.
- Operating system (OS) - Software that manages the internal functions and controls the operations of a computer.
- Open Source Software (OSS) β Free Open Source Software (FOSS) , also called just Open Source or Free Software, is licensed to be free to use, modify, and distribute.
- Optical character reader (OCR) -A device that can scan text from hard copy and enter it automatically
- into a computer for storage or editing. Also called an optical scanner.
- Password β A userΥs secret identification code, required to access stored material.
- Patch β A patch is a piece of software designed to update a computer program or its supporting data, to fix or improve it.
- Piracy β Unauthorized copying of some purchased software.
- Pixel β The pixel is the basic unit of programmable color on a computer display or in a computer image.
- Port β It to the female part of connection. Computer ports have many uses, to connect a monitor, webcam, speakers, or other peripheral devices
- Portrait β It is a mode in which the printer orients content for reading across the shorter length (the width) of the sheet of paper.
- Plug-and-play β The ability to plug in a peripheral and have it work without difficulty.
- Primary Key - A primary key is a field in a table which is unique and enables you to identify every record in that table.
- Program β An established sequence of instructions that tells a computer what to do. The term program means the same as software.
- Pseudocode β Pseudocode is an artificial and informal language that helps programmers develop algorithms.
- Push technology β A process that allows a user to obtain automatic delivery of specified information from the Internet to the userΥs computer β for example, stock market quotes, weather forecasts, and sports scores.
- Query β A query is a request for information from a database.
- Queue β A queue is an example of a linear data structure, or more abstractly a sequential collection.
- Record - A record (also called struct or compound data) is a basic data structure. A record is a collection of fields, possibly of different data types, typically in fixed number and sequence
- Response time β The time a computer takes to execute a command.
- Retrieve β To call up information from memory or storage so that it can be processed in some way.
- Rich Text Format (RTF) β RTF is a file format that lets you exchange text files between different word processors in different operating systems.
- Routing β Routing is the process of selecting a path for traffic in a network, or between or across multiple networks.
- Scanner β A scanner is a device that captures images from photographic prints, posters, magazine pages, and similar sources for computer editing and display.
- Scroll β To move information horizontally or vertically on a display screen so that one can see parts of a
- document that is too wide or too deep to fit entirely on one screen.
- Search engine β A free program that helps Web users locate data by means of a keyword or concept.
- Sector - A sector is a subdivision of a track on a magnetic disk or optical disc.
- Server β A computer that delivers data to other computers (clients) linked on the same network.
- Shareware β Software that usually may be downloaded and used initially without charge.
- Socket β A network socket is an endpoint of a connection in a computer network.
- Swapping β A process can be swapped temporarily out of memory to a backing store, and then brought back into memory for continued execution
- Synchronisation β Synchronization is the coordination of events to operate a system in unison.
- Telecommunications β The process of sending and receiving information by means of telephones, satellites, and other devices.
- Teleconferencing - Conducting a conference by using computers, video, and telecommunications to share sound and images with others at remote sites.
- Telnet β A protocol that allows a computer to connect with a host computer on the Internet.
- Template β Refers to a sample document that has already some details in place
- Terminal β Any device that can transmit or receive electronic information.
- Text β Broadly speaking, the material displayed on a screen or printed on paper.
- Time Sharing or Multitasking β Time sharing is a technique which enables many people, located at various terminals, to use a particular computer system at the same time.
- Topology β Topology is the arrangement of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer network.
- Touchpad β The device on a laptop computer that takes the place of a mouse.
- Universal Serial Bus (USB) β A common standard for connecting multiple peripherals to a computer as needed.
- Upload β Uploading is the transmission of a file from one computer system to another, usually larger computer system.