NET, IAS, State-SET (KSET, WBSET, MPSET, etc.), GATE, CUET, Olympiads etc.: Philosophy Glossary (Part 2 of 4)
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- Yagya-a way to show gratitude towards nature, its two kinds being shreyas (performed for benefit) and preyas (performed as thanksgiving)
- Rna-means debt that human being owes and have to pay back. Pitri-rina (debt to parents) , dev-rina (to gods) & acharya-rina (to teachers) are its 3 forms
- Karma-governed by rta, it refers to actions which bears fruit. It may be prarbadha (already fructified) , sanchit (awaiting fruition) , sanchayiman (presently bearing fruit)
- Lingapramarsha is instantiation of vyapti and referred for the third time in nyaya syllogism
- Vyaptigrehoprayas is the method to arrive at vyapti which can be through anvaya, vyatriki, sahcharya, bhuyodarshan and tarka.
- Adrishta is the universal principal taking account of individual՚s karma.
- Chit in sankhya is the construct of manas, buddhi and ahankara reflecting purusha wrongly. Kaivalya is the knowledge of this wrong identification of purusha with prakriti.
- Chita Vriti-With the wrong identification with things, purusha assumes the ‘form’ of that thing. This form is called vriti or modification. 5 kinds of Vritis are parmana, viparyaya, vikalpa, nidra and smriti.
- Yoga-the cessation of the modifications of chitta through meditation is yoga.
- Buddhist Ashtang Marg-ODSALEMN-right observance, duty, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, meditation
- Man Is The Composite Of 5 Skandhas Vigyan, Vedna, Sangya, Sanskara And Rupa
- 3 Pitaks-Sutta, Vinay And Abhidhamma
- Boddhisatva is the one who has taken a vow to become buddha
- Vidhi, nishedha and arthvada-the classification of mahavakyas according to which Vidhi are the mantras used in yajna, nishedha are the mantras that are prohibited to use in a particular yajna, and arthvada is the explanation of their meanings.
- Shabanityavada-mimansaks thoery of meaning according to which words are eternal and are a divine creation
- Anvitabhidanvada-Prabhakar՚s theory of meaning by which words are meaningful only in relation to other words in a sentence.
- Abhihitavyayavada-Kumaril՚s theory of meaning by which words are independently meaningful and it is the logical connection between the words that suggests the meaning of the sentence.
- Sambandha-the category of relation admitted by vaisheshika. It is of 3 kinds samyoga (conjunction) , samvaya (inherence) and shrinkhala (chain)
- Karnata is theory of causation in indian philosphy emphasizing on whether or not cause exists in its effects. Its two kinds are satkaryavada and asatkaryavad
- Parmanyavada-Theories of validity of knowledge as to whether knowledge is itself valid or requires external sources to validate it. Two kinds of validity are internal (svatah-parmanyavada) and external (pratah-parmanyavada)
- Triputi-Samwit-Theory of provability of self maintained by prabhakar according to which in every act of knowledge, there is simultaneous revelation of knower (self) , known (object) and the knowledge itself.
- Jnatatavada-Theory of provability of self maintained by Kumaril which maintains that consciousness is inferred through the cognizedness of the object and is not self-luminous.
- Chit is the self illuminating consciousness and does not require any other source for its light and differnt from chitta of samkhya and yoha (vedanta)
- Achit is the matter or the non-conscious aspect of Brahman.
- Being is the unchanging reality while becoming is the process or state by which one becomes a being
- Prama is right apprehension of objects (yatharthanubhava prama) , cognizing object as it is:
- Aprama is invalid knowledge, the cognition of objects falsely. Its four kinds are smriti (memory) , sanshay (doubt) , viparyaya (error) and tarka (hypothetical reasoning)
- Pramana refers to the valid source of means of acquiring knowledge. The 6 pramans are pratyaksha, anumana, upmana, shabd, abhav and anuaplabdhi.