Sociological Concepts: Socialization, Introduction, Concept and Agents
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Introduction
- There are certain ways by which a society trains the newborn individuals⟋ members
- Helps them develop their own personality
- This social training is known as socialization
- The ways of training are determined by the culture of the society and it varies with societies
- It also has different effects on the personality of the members of the society
- There is a synthesis of culture and socialization in the human personality.
- According to Ogburn, “Socialization is the process by which the individual learns to conform to the norms of the group.”
Concept
- Individuals are molded into the society and learn the ways of acting, thinking and feeling according to the society
- This process of shaping the personality of individuals is called as socialization
- It is the process where an individual becomes a functioning member of the society and learns the rules.
- The individuals share a common culture and ways of living.
- This is passed on to the next generation
- Therefore, we can say that man is a social and a cultural being
- Socialization can also be termed as transmission of culture where men learn the rules of social groups and pass it on to the next generation
- For example, doing something and learning by our mistakes - the mistakes are corrected by the society and this is how socialization takes place
Agents of Socialization
- Family, parents
- school, teachers
- Peers, friends
- Mass media
Process
- Socialization is a continuous process where the individual keep trying to adjust to the social conditions around him
- When the individuals conform to the norms rules of the group, they also maintain social order in the society
- Therefore, we can say that socialization transforms humans into social beings
- Socialization is social learning which is continuous in nature i.e.. It continues throughout the life
- With different roles that we acquire during the lifetime, the patterns of behaviours change and individuals adapt to it
- According to GH Mead, self is purely social in nature. socialization helps in the development of the self by internalizing the norms which become a part of our personality by the method of trial and error.
Types
Primary Socialization
- Primary socialization is the basic socialization taking place in the early years of life of the newborn or infant
- It includes teaching of language, internalization of norms, values and establishing emotional ties, gaining perspective, etc.
- Anticipatory Socialization Anticipatory socialization is when individuals learn the culture of other groups and they want to belong to.
- So, they socialize themselves in a way to become a part of the group
- The individual learns the culture, manners, way of living etc. of the group that he aspires to become a part of.
Developmental Socialization
- Developmental socialization is when new learning is added to the old and it becomes a continuous process of development
- It varies with the change in roles to keep up with the new roles and obligations
- E. g. New job
Resocialization
- Resocialization is when individuals change membership of groups and the learned patterns are substituted with the new ones
- It takes place when a social role is changed radically
- Note: Adult socialization: Learn during adulthood to prepare for coming responsibilities.
MCQs
1.In an Indian family the parents prepare their daughters to be a good wife⟋daughter in her in-laws home, this is an example of:
- Socialization
- Anticipatory socialization
- Re-socialization
- Adult socialization
Ans. D
2. Which are the agencies of primary socialization?
- Family
- Peer group
- School
- Jail
Ans. A, B and C
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✍ Manishika