IAS Mains Geog Paper 1 2013 Section B
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IAS Mains Geography Optional 2013 Solutions: Paper 1 Section B
IAS Geography 2013 Paper Paper 1 Section B
5 (a) “Ellen Churchill Semple is an ardent supporter of Determinism.” Explain.
- American School
- Supporter of Environmental determinism
- Worked along with Huntington and Taylor
- Influenced by Darwin and Ratzel
5 (b) Role of Venezuela in the production and export of oil.
- World՚s largest exporters of oil & world՚s largest proven oil reserves at an estimated 296.5 billion barrels (20% of global reserves) as of 2012.
- In 2008, crude oil production in Venezuela was the tenth-highest in the world at 2,394, 020 barrels per day (380,619 m3/d)
- 8th largest net oil exporter in the world.
- Founder member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) .
5 (c) Misra՚s theoretical stages of Rural – Urban Process.
Central Village at local level
Service Center at micro regional level
Growth Point at sub regional level
Growth Center at regional level
Growth Point at national level
5 (d) Countries most affected in case of shut-down of Nuclear power.
- Of 30 countries with nuclear power plants, only France, Hungary, Slovakia and Ukraine use them mainly for electricity
- Belarus, Iran, Jordan, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates and Vietnam are against it
- China, India and South Korea are pursuing ambitious expansions of their nuclear power capacities
5 (e) Relevance of Heartland theory in Contemporary world.
6 (a) What is Geriatrics? What are the problems associated with Geriatric population?
- The word implies elderly (old age) (20 million in 1951 to 57 million in 1991 & projected at 324 million by 2050 in India)
- Health Issues
- Dependency ratio
- Population Pyramid
- Recent: National Policy on Older Persons, National Old Age Pension Program, Annapurna Program
- NGOs like Help Age India
- Cochin - Urban Community Dementia Services
6 (b) Discuss the changing pattern of production and export of Coffee in the world.
6 (c) What are the basic postulates in the Central place Model of Christaller?
Christaller Central Place Theory (Centralization, Threshold, Range, K Value) : Geography
7 (a) “Urban Solid Waste Management poses the greatest challenge in Metropolitan planning.” Elaborate.
- Generation, reduction, reuse, recycling, handling, collection, transfer and transport, transformation (e. g. , recovery and treatment) , and disposal
- Dr. Burman Report - Prohibit street littering, organize a waste-collection system, conduct awareness programs, provide adequate community storage facilities and color-coded bins, promote segregation at the source, covered transport vehicles, process waste through appropriate technologies including the composting, recycling, and recovery of materials
7 (b) Analyse the reasons for a comparatively poorer development of fishing grounds in tropical areas.
7 (c) Explain the parameters for assessment and the spatial pattern of Human Development Index in the world.
8 (a) Urban Geography is nothing but city “in” area and city “as” area. Elaborate.
- City as Area: Internal Morphology and Locational aspect – Sector Theory, Multiple Nuclei theory, role of CBD
- City in Area: Within an area why? – Growth theories, Christaller and Losch Model, Rank Size rule, Primate City, functional roles of city in a larger region (REASON with examples)
8 (b) Analyse the causes for changes in the pattern of world trade.
Specialization fuelled by Globalization
Regional Blocs – EU & NAFTA (trade creation) , outside blocs we can see trade diversions
Economies moving towards energy independence
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