IAS Mains Geog Paper 1 2013 Section B

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IAS Mains Geography Optional 2013 Solutions: Paper 1 Section B

IAS Geography 2013 Paper Paper 1 Section B

5 (a) “Ellen Churchill Semple is an ardent supporter of Determinism.” Explain.

  • American School
  • Supporter of Environmental determinism
  • Worked along with Huntington and Taylor
  • Influenced by Darwin and Ratzel

5 (b) Role of Venezuela in the production and export of oil.

  • World՚s largest exporters of oil & world՚s largest proven oil reserves at an estimated 296.5 billion barrels (20% of global reserves) as of 2012.
  • In 2008, crude oil production in Venezuela was the tenth-highest in the world at 2,394, 020 barrels per day (380,619 m3/d)
  • 8th largest net oil exporter in the world.
  • Founder member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) .
Illustration: IAS Geography 2013 Paper Paper 1 Section B

5 (c) Misra՚s theoretical stages of Rural – Urban Process.

Central Village at local level

Service Center at micro regional level

Growth Point at sub regional level

Growth Center at regional level

Growth Point at national level

5 (d) Countries most affected in case of shut-down of Nuclear power.

  • Of 30 countries with nuclear power plants, only France, Hungary, Slovakia and Ukraine use them mainly for electricity
  • Belarus, Iran, Jordan, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates and Vietnam are against it
  • China, India and South Korea are pursuing ambitious expansions of their nuclear power capacities
Illustration: IAS Geography 2013 Paper Paper 1 Section B

5 (e) Relevance of Heartland theory in Contemporary world.

Heartland Theory

Illustration: IAS Geography 2013 Paper Paper 1 Section B

6 (a) What is Geriatrics? What are the problems associated with Geriatric population?

  • The word implies elderly (old age) (20 million in 1951 to 57 million in 1991 & projected at 324 million by 2050 in India)
  • Health Issues
  • Dependency ratio
  • Population Pyramid
  • Recent: National Policy on Older Persons, National Old Age Pension Program, Annapurna Program
  • NGOs like Help Age India
  • Cochin - Urban Community Dementia Services

6 (b) Discuss the changing pattern of production and export of Coffee in the world.

Illustration: IAS Geography 2013 Paper Paper 1 Section B

6 (c) What are the basic postulates in the Central place Model of Christaller?

Christaller Central Place Theory (Centralization, Threshold, Range, K Value) : Geography

7 (a) “Urban Solid Waste Management poses the greatest challenge in Metropolitan planning.” Elaborate.

  • Generation, reduction, reuse, recycling, handling, collection, transfer and transport, transformation (e. g. , recovery and treatment) , and disposal
  • Dr. Burman Report - Prohibit street littering, organize a waste-collection system, conduct awareness programs, provide adequate community storage facilities and color-coded bins, promote segregation at the source, covered transport vehicles, process waste through appropriate technologies including the composting, recycling, and recovery of materials

7 (b) Analyse the reasons for a comparatively poorer development of fishing grounds in tropical areas.

7 (c) Explain the parameters for assessment and the spatial pattern of Human Development Index in the world.

Illustration: IAS Geography 2013 Paper Paper 1 Section B

8 (a) Urban Geography is nothing but city “in” area and city “as” area. Elaborate.

  • City as Area: Internal Morphology and Locational aspect – Sector Theory, Multiple Nuclei theory, role of CBD
  • City in Area: Within an area why? – Growth theories, Christaller and Losch Model, Rank Size rule, Primate City, functional roles of city in a larger region (REASON with examples)

8 (b) Analyse the causes for changes in the pattern of world trade.

Specialization fuelled by Globalization

Regional Blocs – EU & NAFTA (trade creation) , outside blocs we can see trade diversions

Economies moving towards energy independence

Manishika