Agricultural Science English Paper 1 2015 Questions and Answers Part 1

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Section B

Question 2

Animal Nutrition

Alimentary Canals of Two Farm Animals

Type of digestive systems represented by:

• Ruminant
• Cattle/cows/sheep/goat/game
• Non-ruminant/monogastric animal
• Pig

Letter and name where hydrochloric acid is secreted in diagram A:

• D
• Abomasum/true stomach/milk stomach

Planning Fodder Flow Feed Flow and Fodder Flow Production

Definition of fodder flow:

• A strategic plan
• To ensure enough fodder
• To meet the requirements of all the animals
• Throughout the year
• In terms of quality and quantity (Any 2)

Aspects in planning for a fodder flow:

• Economic viability: The farmer to take measures of ensuring that the fodder is cost effective/cheap
• Sustainability: Planning to ensure that the fodder is always available to livestock

Digestibility Co-Efficiency

Calculation of digestibility co-efficiency:

DC

or %

Implication of the Answer in Question

The bulk of the feed (62,35 %) is digested and absorbed by the heifer

OR

The lesser percentage of the feed (37,65 %) was not digested hence not absorbed by the heifer

A Table on the Nutritive Ratio (NR)

The ration most suitable for the following:

• Fattening of old ewes – A
• Ewes in the last 4 weeks of pregnancy – B
• Young growing animals – B

Reason for the ration in 2.4.1 (a) :

• Ratio is wide
• Feed has higher lipid/carbohydrate/energy content
• Feed has lower protein content
• Ewes need more energy than protein (Any 1)

Ration with high levels of:

• Maize – A
• Fish meal – B

The implication of the nutritive ratio of ration B:

• Ration has higher protein content
• Recommended for growth, production, and reproduction
• Ration has lower lipid/carbohydrate/energy content (Any 2)

Diagram on Mineral Supplements

Method of mineral supplement:

Mineral lick

Two minerals that could be supplemented:

• Calcium
• Sodium
• Phosphorus
• Nitrogen (Any 2)

The partial protein substitute:

Non-protein nitrogenous substance (NPN) /biuret/urea

Role of growth regulators:

• Hormones – will stimulate metabolic reactions that will lead in increased growth rate
• Antibiotics – will provide immunity thereby increasing resistance to diseases

Question 3

Animal Production, Protection and Control

Animal Production Systems

Identification of animal production systems:

• A: Extensive production system
• B: Intensive production system

Comparison of the Two production systems:

• Capital investment – Low capital/technology input in extensive production system and large capital/technology input in intensive production system
• Area/space of land occupied – Low animal concentration in a large area in extensive production system and high animal concentration in a small area in intensive production system

Two examples of intensive production system:

• Cage
• Battery (layers/broilers)
• Deep litter system (Any 2)

Structures/Practices for Handling Animals

• A single strand of movable electrical wire
• A rope with a halter to tie animals to a pole
• A separate crush
• Single strand of movable electric wire

Scenario on Solar Radiation

Three measures to reduce heat stress under intensive conditions:

• Spray/Fugger with water
• Insulation
• Fans/conditioners/ventilators
• Housing systems/orientation (Any 3)

Correlation between high environmental temperature and feed consumption:

• The higher the temperature
• the less the feed intake

Data on Average Body Temperature and Pulse Rate in Dairy Cows

Line graph on the volume of stimulant and the growth response:

Line graph of growth stimulants against growth response Criteria/marking guidelines:

• Correct heading
• Y-axis – correct labelling (growth response)
• X-axis – correct labelling (volume of growth stimulants)
• Correct units
• Accuracy/correct plotting
• Line graph