Agricultural Science English Paper 1 2015 Questions and Answers Part 2

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Two growth stimulants used in animal production systems:

  • Thyroid regulators⎫

  • Hormones⎫

  • Antibiotics⎫

  • Tranquilizers (Any 2)

Growth response of the heifers at a volume of 15 ml:

395 kg⎫

Internal Parasites

Identification of the type of a parasite:

Internal parasite⎫

Two negative impacts of an internal parasite:

  • Depriving host of nutrients⎫

  • Sucks host’s blood/causes anemia⎫

  • Lesions/cysts inside host⎫

  • Decreases host’s productivity⎫

  • Progressive weakness⎫

  • Death⎫ (Any 2)

How the animal is infected:

  • The animal will ingest ⎫

  • Metacercaria through grazing⎫

Intermediate host:

Snail⎫

Three pasture management measures of controlling Internal parasite:

  • Rotational grazing⎫

  • Resting of infected pastures⎫

  • Allowing animals that are resistant to specific internal parasites⎫

  • Avoid wet places⎫

  • Use of zero grazing⎫

  • Removal of manure/hygienic measures⎫ (Any 3)

Question 4

Animal Reproduction

The Diagram below Represents the Reproductive Canal of a Farm Animal

Process in part D:

Spermatogenesis⎫

Identify parts A, B and E:

  • Label A – Seminal vesicles/vesicular glands⎫

  • Label B – Vas deferens/sperm duct⎫

  • Label E – Scrotum/scrotal sac⎫

Two congenital defects of part D:

Cryptorchidism– the condition whereby the testes remain in the abdominal cavity and do not descend into the scrotum⎫

Hypoplasia– the condition whereby the testes are underdeveloped⎫

Two functions of the part C:

  • Storage of semen⎫

  • Maturation of sperms⎫

  • Secretion of buffer⎫

  • Transportation of semen⎫

  • Concentration of semen⎫

Oestrus

Oestrus

  • It is a period when non pregnant female animals⎫

  • are receptive to male animals/allow mating⎫

Three Signs of Oestrus

  • Vulva is swollen/reddish⎫

  • Mucous discharge⎫

  • Cow is restless and bellows often⎫

  • Mounting other cows⎫

  • Isolation⎫

  • Decrease in food intake/loss of appetite⎫

  • Legs and flanks are muddy⎫

  • Allows mating⎫ (Any 3)

Three Practical Methods to Identify Cows on Heat

  • Observation of animal Behaviour⎫

  • Place a bull in pen near the cows⎫

  • Bulls marked with a chin ball marker⎫

  • Tail paint on tail head/tail paint markers⎫

  • Heat mount detectors⎫ (Any 3)

Graph of Oestrogen/Progesterone Levels in a Cow over 22 Days

Day Cow Will Mate with a Bull

Day 4–6⎫

Motivation

  • Highest level of Oestrogen⎫

  • Cow will be on heat⎫

Day of Ovulation

Day 4–5⎫

Stage when Progesterone is Highest

Met-Oestrus⎫

Whether Cow Became Pregnant

Cow did not become pregnant⎫

Motivation

  • Progesterone levels declined/decreased⎫

  • after day 16⎫ (2)

Modern Technologies: Artificial Insemination (AI), Synchronization, Etc

Description of Synchronization of Oestrus

  • Making the Oestrus cycle of a number of female animals⎫

  • to occur approximately at the same time⎫

Three Advantages of AI in Dairy Cows

  • Improving the genetic quality of the offspring⎫

  • No need to buy/manage expensive bulls⎫

  • Can use semen of one bull to inseminate many cows⎫

  • Prevents the spread of sexually transmitted diseases⎫

  • Inferior sires can be detected⎫

  • Can use semen from a bull after injury or death⎫

  • Animals of different size can be mated without injury⎫

  • Semen can be frozen for many years⎫

  • Semen can be transported and used worldwide⎫

  • An ejaculation of one bull can be used for many cows⎫

  • Higher conception rate can be achieved⎫ (Any 3)

Four Sequential Stages Used in ET

  • Synchronization of Oestrus in donor and recipient cows⎫

  • Superovulation of donor cows⎫

  • Insemination of donor cows⎫

  • Washing of the embryo from the uterus⎫

  • Transfer embryo into the uterus of recipient cows⎫ (Any 4)

Total Section B: 105

Grand Total: 150