Agricultural Science English Paper 1 2015 Questions and Answers Part 2
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Two growth stimulants used in animal production systems:
- Thyroid regulators
- Hormones
- Antibiotics
- Tranquilizers (Any 2)
Growth response of the heifers at a volume of 15 ml:
395 kg
Internal Parasites
Identification of the type of a parasite:
Internal parasite
Two negative impacts of an internal parasite:
- Depriving host of nutrients
- Sucks host՚s blood/causes anemia
- Lesions/cysts inside host
- Decreases host՚s productivity
- Progressive weakness
- Death (Any 2)
How the animal is infected:
- The animal will ingest
- Metacercaria through grazing
Intermediate host:
Snail
Three pasture management measures of controlling Internal parasite:
- Rotational grazing
- Resting of infected pastures
- Allowing animals that are resistant to specific internal parasites
- Avoid wet places
- Use of zero grazing
- Removal of manure/hygienic measures (Any 3)
Question 4
Animal Reproduction
The Diagram below Represents the Reproductive Canal of a Farm Animal
Process in part D:
Spermatogenesis
Identify parts A, B and E:
- Label A – Seminal vesicles/vesicular glands
- Label B – Vas deferens/sperm duct
- Label E – Scrotum/scrotal sac
Two congenital defects of part D:
Cryptorchidism – the condition whereby the testes remain in the abdominal cavity and do not descend into the scrotum
Hypoplasia – the condition whereby the testes are underdeveloped
Two functions of the part C:
- Storage of semen
- Maturation of sperms
- Secretion of buffer
- Transportation of semen
- Concentration of semen
Oestrus
Oestrus
- It is a period when non pregnant female animals
- are receptive to male animals/allow mating
Three Signs of Oestrus
- Vulva is swollen/reddish
- Mucous discharge
- Cow is restless and bellows often
- Mounting other cows
- Isolation
- Decrease in food intake/loss of appetite
- Legs and flanks are muddy
- Allows mating (Any 3)
Three Practical Methods to Identify Cows on Heat
- Observation of animal Behaviour
- Place a bull in pen near the cows
- Bulls marked with a chin ball marker
- Tail paint on tail head/tail paint markers
- Heat mount detectors (Any 3)
Graph of Oestrogen/Progesterone Levels in a Cow over 22 Days
Day Cow Will Mate with a Bull
Day 4 – 6
Motivation
- Highest level of Oestrogen
- Cow will be on heat
Day of Ovulation
Day 4 – 5
Stage when Progesterone is Highest
Met-Oestrus
Whether Cow Became Pregnant
Cow did not become pregnant
Motivation
- Progesterone levels declined/decreased
- after day 16 (2)
Modern Technologies: Artificial Insemination (AI) , Synchronization, Etc
Description of Synchronization of Oestrus
- Making the Oestrus cycle of a number of female animals
- to occur approximately at the same time
Three Advantages of AI in Dairy Cows
- Improving the genetic quality of the offspring
- No need to buy/manage expensive bulls
- Can use semen of one bull to inseminate many cows
- Prevents the spread of sexually transmitted diseases
- Inferior sires can be detected
- Can use semen from a bull after injury or death
- Animals of different size can be mated without injury
- Semen can be frozen for many years
- Semen can be transported and used worldwide
- An ejaculation of one bull can be used for many cows
- Higher conception rate can be achieved (Any 3)
Four Sequential Stages Used in ET
- Synchronization of Oestrus in donor and recipient cows
- Superovulation of donor cows
- Insemination of donor cows
- Washing of the embryo from the uterus
- Transfer embryo into the uterus of recipient cows (Any 4)
Total Section B: 105
Grand Total: 150