Cell Division YouTube Lecture Handouts for NET, IAS, State-SET (KSET, WBSET, MPSET, etc.), GATE, CUET, Olympiads etc.
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Cell Division - Mitosis & Amitosis; 5 Stages of Mitosis - Memory Tricks
Dr. Manishika Jain in this session explains the concept of cell division - mitosis and amitosis.
5 stages of mitosis are explained:
Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Followed by cytokinesis.
Key Contributors
- Rudolf Virchow: omnis cellula e cellula (cell is derived from cell)
- Strasburg: nucleus formed from preexisting ones
- Boveri & Flemming: Somatic cell division
- Flemming: coined mitosis
- Benedin, Strasburger, Sutton & Winiwater: Chr. Reduced to half in gametes
- Farmer & Moore: gave term meiosis
INTERPHASE
- The cell is preparing for division.
- Organelles replicate.
- DNA is duplicated
- Cell increases in size.
- Majority of the cell՚s lifespan is spent in interphase.
PROPHASE
- Chromosomes condense
- Mitotic spindle is formed from microtubules that gradually lengthen driving the division of the cell.
METAPHASE
- Nuclear envelope breaks down
- Condensed chromosomes come into direct contact with the microtubules
- Condensed chromosomes line up along the equator
ANAPHASE
- Sister chromatids are drawn to opposite poles
- Duplicate copies of the cell՚s DNA are on either side of the cell
- Microtubules get shorter, which begins to allow the cell to separate.
TELOPHASE
- Nuclear envelope reforms as two new nuclear envelopes around the separated sister chromatids.
- Cytokinesis takes place.
- Cytoplasm is equally divided between the two new daughter cells
✍ Manishika