ICAR NET: Revision Terminology Part 10

Dr. Manishika Jain- Join online Paper 1 intensive course. Includes tests and expected questions.

Artificial Classification

1. Theophrastus – herb, Shrub & trees

2. John Ray – herb into two that is Perfectae (flowering) and Imperfectae(non – flowering), John Ray 1^st to divide in monocot & dicot.

3. Camerarius – proved pollen necessary for seed formation.

4. Carolus Linnaeus (Swedish) – based on number of stamens & their arrangement in flower

Natural System

1. AL de jussien – genera planetarium – cotyledons, petals & stamens

2. Robert Brown – Gymnosperm – naked ovule & seeds

3. De Candolle – Vasculares (Vascular with cotyledon), cellulare (Vascular bundle absent)

4. Bentham & hooker – gymnosperm in between monocot & dicot

Betham Hooker Classification ~ Understanding plant classification by Bentham & Hooker

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• Floral chromosome = Basis of classification – floral features are conservative then vegetative -> venation is relied on classification for angiosperm

• World’s largest herbarium – Royal Botanical Garden, Kew, England.

• India’s largest herbarium – Calcutta (13-lakh specimen).

• Solidago (Compositae) for dropsy

• Labiatae = Mint family, Verticellaster inflorescence – sweet aromatic small

• Photo autotrophic nutrition = Holophytic nutrition

• Neottia – Bird nest orchid – humus rich soil – ectotrophic mycorrhiza

• Monotropa – Indian pipe – humus rich soil – endotrophic mycorrhiza – pine forests

• Dischidia = Pitcher plant but not insectivores.

• Intervenial chlorosis – in young leaves – Fe

• Intervenial chlorosis – in old leaver – mg

• N₂ defeciency – 1^st chlorotic in older leaver.

• Gold present in stem of Equisetum.

• Prokaroyotes – utilize elemental N₂ gas

• Photolysis of H₂O = Mn.

• Al present in ferus & Lycopedium Siltica – grass & diatoms

• Zn – little leaf disease of cereals, Exanthema of fruits, Mottle leaf of citrus, white leaf of maize, sickle leaf of cocoas.

• S – tea yellows

• Mo – Whiptail of Brassica, Scald of Beans, water core in turnip.

• Mn – Speckled yellow of beet, Marsh spot of peas, grey speck of oats.

• B – Heart rot of sugar beet, corky coke of apple, top sickness of tobacco, Celery stem crack, Brown heart or water core in turnip, Brown heart of cauliflower.

• Cu – Die back of shoots

• Cl – wilting of leaf tip followed by chlorosis, bronzing & necrosis basipetally in areas of proximate to wilting

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• Leg Hb – produced during maturation of reservoir of O₂ & production of ATP, nodules keeps away O₂ from nitrogenase

• Membrane permeability – N₂ & Ca

• Nitrate reductase – Mo/flavorprotein

• Nitrite reductase – Ferrodoxin.

• Apoplast – nonliving, cellulosic cell wall, intercellular space(epidermis to xylem) – diffusion

• Symplast – living, cytoplasm & plasmodesmate, active transport.

• Hydrophonics – placing the roots in nutrient solation.

• Aerophonics – growing plant in moist air laden with nutrients (Cytozyme – H₂O soluble)

• Liebig law of minimum – yield is determined by element present in minimum quantity in proportion to Lundergardh’s Cytochrome pump hypothesis – absorption of anion only immobile elements – Ca, S, Fe – Deficiency symptoms in young leaves. states that growth is controlled not by the total amount of resources available, but by the scarcest resource

• Co – Algae, Microbes.

• Na – Halophytes, Cu Pathway.

• I₂ – Marine algae.

• Mo – needed in least quantity.

• Plant ash – Contains oxides & Carbonates of elements

• Most active free ion = K⁺

• Sink is a region in which plant utilize a substances Translocate.

• Bidirectional Translocation of minerals = Xylem.

• Fall of immature leaf – deficiency of zinc.