Thermodynamics Basics for ICAR NET 2020
Dr. Manishika Jain- Join online Paper 1 intensive course. Includes tests and expected questions.
Thermodynamics: Laws Of Thermodynamics And Heat Transfer Processes (Environmental Science)
Image Thermodynamics
Laws of Thermodynamics
First Law:
Stated by Mayer and Helmholtz
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed by any physical or chemical change. It may change from one form to another.
Where,
Second Law:
According to Kelvin, it is impossible to take heat from a cold reservoir and convert it into work without at the same time transferring heat from a hot to cold reservoir.
Third Law:
It is not possible to reduce the temperature of any system to absolute zero by any method involving finite number of operations, however, the ideal method may be.
Heat Transfer Processes
Planck’s Law
Every object emits over the entire electromagnetic spectrum.
Stefan-Boltzmann Law
Total energy emitted by a black body is directly proportional to fourth power of its temperature.
Wien's Displacement Law
The product of peak wavelength and temperature of a blackbody radiator is constant.
Mass and Energy Transfer Across Various Interfaces
Image Mass and Energy Transfer Across Various Interfaces
Material Balance
Also known as Mass balance.
Used to find the accumulation of a contaminant/ pollutant/ substance in a particular region.
Those particular region are also called as control volume.
Image Material Balance
Mass Balance Equation
Accumulation rate = Input rate – Output rate + Reaction rate
For Steady-State conservation Systems
Input rate = Output rate
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-Mayank