Jahangir Shah Jahan Aurangzeb & Later Mughal Rulers YouTube Lecture Handouts Part 1

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Jahangir, Shah Jahan, Aurangzeb, Later Mughals|ICSE Class 7 History (Medieval Indian History)

Title: Jahangir Shah Jahan Aurangzeb & Later Mughal Rulers

Mughal expansion under these 3 rulers during 17th century.

Jahangir

  • Rebelled against his father Akbar – could not succeed but Akbar forgive him – this was close to the end of Akbar՚s reign
  • Akbar nominated him to throne
  • Prince Salim came to throne in 1605 after death of Akbar
  • Took the title Nur-ud-din Jahangir or Conqueror of World – continued policies of father, good relation with Rajput՚s, was a learned man with combination of virtues and vices

Jahangir (1605 - 1627)

  • Rebelled against his father Akbar – could not succeed but Akbar forgive him – this was close to the end of Akbar՚s reign
  • Akbar nominated him to throne
  • Prince Salim came to throne in 1605 after death of Akbar
  • Took the title Nur-ud-din Jahangir or Conqueror of World – continued policies of father, good relation with Rajput՚s, was a learned man with combination of virtues and vices

Nur Jahan or Mehrunissa

  • Jahangir married Nur Jahan in 1611
  • She was a widow of Afghan noble, Sher Afghan
  • She was made chief queen by Jahangir - Jahangir was highly influenced by her in matters of government and administration.
  • Became real ruler behind the throne and appointed members of her family to post of high officials
  • Elder son of Jahangir revolted against Nur Jahan and Jahangir. Nurjahan՚s influence faded out after death of Jahangir and she choose to retire from public life.
  • Guru Arjan Dev was put to death for giving shelter to Khusrau

Deccan

  • Malik Amber was the independent Ruler of Ahmednagar
  • In 1617 – Khurram had partial success against Malik Amber but few years later Malik Amber declared his independence again
  • Deccan remained a trouble spot
  • Khurram՚s Deccan campaign resulted in capture of Ahmadnagar fort and earned him title Shah Jahan

Mewar

Jahangir led campaign against Rana Amar Singh (Son of Rana Pratap) – Rana was defeated in 1614 and from then remained loyal to Mughals

Kangra

  • In 1622 Khurram succeeded in capturing fort of Kangra after 14 months siege, Mosque was built
  • Also built a mosque
  • Later conquered Bengal and Oudh

Kandhar

  • Akbar conquered Kandhar during his time but Shah of Persia reconquered it during Jahangir՚s time
  • Jahangir ordered Khurram to go to Kandhar but he refused and Kandhar was lost

Policies of Jahangir

  • Followed Secularism
  • Was liberal ruler
  • Concerned about welfare of subjects
  • Installed Chain of Justice for seekers of Justice
  • People could ring the chain to get justice
  • Friendly relation with Rajput՚s – matrimonial alliances

Developments under Jahangir

  • Autobiography Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri
  • Shalimar Bagh Gardens at Lahore
  • Ustad Mansur (Painter)
  • Blend of Indian & Persian Style

Jahangir himself was an excellent connoisseur (expert in fine arts) – later due to Aurangez՚s lack of interest paintings witnessed a decline

Painters under Jahangir

  • Aga Reza
  • Abul Hasan
  • Ustad Mansur
  • Bishan Das
  • Manohar
  • Govardhan
  • Jahangir himself was an excellent connoisseur (expert in fine arts) – later due to Aurangzeb՚s lack of interest paintings witnessed a decline
  • Painting scenes, hunting scenes, battle and court scenes were common

Akbar՚s Mausoleum Agra

  • Akbar՚s Mausoleum Agra or Sikandara
  • It was built by Jahangir inspired by Buddhist Viharas of that time

Tomb of Itimād-Ud-Daulah

Tomb of Itimād-ud-Daulah was built by Nur Jahan, wife of Jahagir for her father – decorated in white marble and pietra dura (mosaic work with semi-precious stones)

European Settlements

  • 1498- Vasco-Da-Gama reached Calicut Portuguese continued to trade
  • Initially Jahangir in good relations and gave trade concessions
  • 1613 – trade relations were strained – Portuguese pirates attacked Mughal ships and destroyed cargo
  • England wanted to promote trade relations - Captain Hawkins and Sir Thomas Roe visited Jahangir
  • Jahangir gave some concessions and British set 1st English trading settlement at Surat in 1618

Manishika