Goh Cheng Leong Chapter 1 YouTube Lecture Handouts Geography

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Goh Cheng Leong Chapter 1: The Earth and the Universe

Universe

  • Galaxy – stars in clusters
  • Milky Way – 100,000 million stars
  • Light from nearest star – 4 years
  • Light from sun – 8 minutes
  • Light from moon – a second

Solar System

  • Sun – temperature 6000Β°C to 20 million Β°C; 3 lakh times larger than earth
  • Mercury – smallest, closest, 36 million miles, 88 days revolution
  • Venus – twin planet of earth
  • Earth – satellite moon (revolves eastward once in 27 days)
  • Mars – dark patches

Solar System

  • Jupiter – Largest; hydrogen, helium and methane, circular light, dark band, 12 satellites, very cold (-130 )
  • Saturn – 3 rings, 9 satellites, second largest, revolution takes 29.5 years
  • Uranus – bluish-green, 50 times large and 15 times heavy, 5 satellites, orbits east to west
  • Neptune – 2 satellites, colder
  • Pluto – planetoid, orbits in 247 years

Shape of Earth

  • Equatorial circumference: 24,897 miles
  • Polar circumference is less by 83 miles
  • Equatorial diameter: 7,926 miles
  • Polar diameter is shorter by 26 miles
  • Geoid shape

Evidence of Sphericity

  • Circum-navigation of Earth
  • Circular Horizon
  • Ship՚s Visibility
  • Sunrise and Sunset
  • Lunar Eclipse
  • Spherical planetary bodies
  • Driving poles on level ground on curved earth
  • Aerial photographs

Earth՚s Movement

  • Rotation – from west to east
  • Revolution – 18.5 miles per second, completes in 365 days, axis is inclined at

Mathematical Calculation of Location

  • Latitude – angular distance in degree from center of earth - parallels
  • Longitude – angular distance along equator – meridian

Longitude and Time

  • EGA
  • WLS
Illustration: Longitude and Time
Illustration: Longitude and Time
Illustration: Longitude and Time
Illustration: Longitude and Time

✍ Manishika

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