Goh Cheng Leong Chapter 1 YouTube Lecture Handouts Geography
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Goh Cheng Leong Chapter 1: The Earth and the Universe
Universe
- Galaxy β stars in clusters
- Milky Way β 100,000 million stars
- Light from nearest star β 4 years
- Light from sun β 8 minutes
- Light from moon β a second
Solar System
- Sun β temperature 6000Β°C to 20 million Β°C; 3 lakh times larger than earth
- Mercury β smallest, closest, 36 million miles, 88 days revolution
- Venus β twin planet of earth
- Earth β satellite moon (revolves eastward once in 27 days)
- Mars β dark patches
Solar System
- Jupiter β Largest; hydrogen, helium and methane, circular light, dark band, 12 satellites, very cold (-130 )
- Saturn β 3 rings, 9 satellites, second largest, revolution takes 29.5 years
- Uranus β bluish-green, 50 times large and 15 times heavy, 5 satellites, orbits east to west
- Neptune β 2 satellites, colder
- Pluto β planetoid, orbits in 247 years
Shape of Earth
- Equatorial circumference: 24,897 miles
- Polar circumference is less by 83 miles
- Equatorial diameter: 7,926 miles
- Polar diameter is shorter by 26 miles
- Geoid shape
Evidence of Sphericity
- Circum-navigation of Earth
- Circular Horizon
- ShipΥs Visibility
- Sunrise and Sunset
- Lunar Eclipse
- Spherical planetary bodies
- Driving poles on level ground on curved earth
- Aerial photographs
EarthΥs Movement
- Rotation β from west to east
- Revolution β 18.5 miles per second, completes in 365 days, axis is inclined at
Mathematical Calculation of Location
- Latitude β angular distance in degree from center of earth - parallels
- Longitude β angular distance along equator β meridian
Longitude and Time
- EGA
- WLS
β Manishika