NCERT Class 7 Political Science Chapter 2: Role of the Government in Health YouTube Lecture Handouts

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NCERT Class 7 Political Science Chapter 2: Role of the Government in Health

  • Right to health as fundamental right but provisioning is unequal
  • Democracy: Govt. to work for welfare - education, health, employment, housing or development of roads, electricity etc.

Health

  • Remain free from illness or injury
  • Adequate food
  • Clean drinking water
  • Pollution free environment
  • Without mental stress
  • From fitness to wellness
  • AYUSH mission

Healthcare in India

  • Largest medical colleges in world
  • Largest number of doctors
  • Medical tourism from many countries
  • Pharmaceutical industry is 3rd largest in volume and 14th largest in value

Issues Faced

  • TB is the biggest killer
  • Malnutrition
  • Communicable diseases
  • Plight of rural areas

(Refer Upcoming lecture on Rural Health – Kurukshetra July 2017)

Public Health Care System

  • Run by government
  • Look after health of large number of people
  • Mission Indradhanush – Vaccination
  • National Health Assurance Mission – free drug and diagnostics & insurance coverage
  • Improper healthcare facilities to people
  • Rush in OPD (Out Patient Department – people first brought in without being admitted) , long queue
  • Both Rural and urban areas
  • PHC: At village level
  • District: District hospital
  • Money to run these comes from taxes paid
  • Free and low-cost services
  • Prevent the spread of diseases such as TB, malaria, jaundice, cholera
  • According to UNICEF, more than 2 million children die every year in India from preventable infections
  • Safeguard the right to life

Private Health Care System

  • Doctors have private clinics
  • Rural Areas: Registered Medical Practitioners (RMPs)
  • Urban Areas: Specialized Services
  • Diagnostic services
  • Pharmaceutical shops
  • Not controlled by the government
  • Patient needs to pay more

Healthcare & Equality

  • Private sector in healthcare is increasing
  • Private sector confined to urban areas
  • Services of private sector run by profit
  • Private sector has higher cost with expensive medicines
  • Incorrect practices by private sector
  • Doctors prescribe unnecessary medicines, injections, or saline bottles when tablets or simple medicines can suffice
  • Only 20% can afford medicines when ill
  • 40% admitted patients must borrow money
  • Illness – leads to anxiety and distress for poor mainly the bread earner
  • Lack of money – no proper medical treatment
  • Tribal areas lack health centers

Resolving Issues

  • Responsibility of government
  • Equal healthcare to poor and disadvantaged
  • Health depends on basic amenities and social conditions of people
  • 1996: Kerala gave 40% budget to panchayats – water, food, development, and education, Anganwaadi, healthcare (focus on insufficient beds and doctors)

Costa Rica: healthiest country in South America, maintains no army and uses the budget on health, education, and basic needs of people – safe drinking water, sanitation, nutrition, and housing

Constitution: duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health

Mayank