Kingdoms in India - Gauda Kingdom, Pala Empire, Chandras, Devas, Eastern Gangas, Kalachuris of Tripuri, Gujara-Pratiharas and Candellas of Jejakabhukt
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Gauda Kingdome (590 â 626 AD)
Gauda Kingdom was a Kingdom located in Bengal in ancient and medieval times.
King Shashanka has separate political entity in a unified Bengal called Gauda.
Kings:
- Shashanka (590 - 625)
- Manava (625 - 626)
(1) Shashanka (590 - 625)
- He ruled in 7th century AD, from 590 AD and 625 AD.
- He is the contemporary of Harsha and of Bhaskar Varman of Kamarupa.
- His capital was at Karnasuvarna, 9.6 kilometres (6.0 mi) south-west of Baharampur, headquarters of Murshidabad district.
- The development of the Bengali calendar is often attributed to Shashanka because the starting date falls within his reign.
(2) Manava (625 - 626)
- Manava was the son and the king of Gauda, Shashanka.
- He has succeeded hi father after his death.
- He was the last recorded ruler of the dynasty and was likely deposed by Harshavardhana or Bhaskaravarman.
- He ruled as king for 8 months.
- As per Sharadindu BandhyopadhyayŐs Novel âGour Mallarâ ManabDeb (King Manava) had his son.
- His name was âBajra Devâ (Bajra) and he was the king of Gauda for only 1 day.
Pala Empire of Bengal
- During the Late Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the region of Bengal the Pala Empire was an imperial power.
- Named after ruling dynasty rulers bore names ending with the suffix of Pala, which meant âprotectorâ in the ancient language of Prakrit.
- They were followers of the Mahayana and Tantric schools of Buddhism.
- The empire was founded when Gopala was elected as emperor of Gauda in 750.
Gopala (Ruled C. 750s â 770s CE)
- Gopala was the founder of the Pala Dynasty of Bengal region of the Indian Subcontinent.
- The last morpheme of his name Pala means âprotectorâ and was used as an ending for the names of all the Pala monarchs.
- Pala does not suggest or indicate any ethnic or caste considerations of the Pala dynasty.
- He came to power around 750 CE in Gaur after being elected by a group of regional chieftains.
- According to Tibetan Taranath: Gopala built the celebrated monastery at Odantapuri and reigned for 45 years
Dharmapala: 770 - 810 a. D
- Dharmapala (ruled 8th century) was the second ruler of the Pala Empire of Bengal region in the Indian Subcontinent.
- He was the son Gopala and succeeds him.
- He greatly expanded the boundaries of the empire, and made the Palas a dominant power in the northern and eastern India.
- He was called as Vangapati or Gaudesvara
- Mudagiri (Monghyr) was the capital of the Palas.
- He had been regarded as the Uttarapathaswami
- Bhoja, Matsya, Madra, Kuru, Yadu, Yavana, Avanti, Gandhara and Kira paid obeisance to Dharmapala.
- Defeated Indrayudh and installed Chakrayudh.
- Defeated by Pratihara Nagabhatta II and seized Kannauj.
- Founded Vikramashila University and revived Nalanda University.
Chandras
- Inhabitants: Rohitagiri (Bihar feudatories of Palas) Capital: Vikrampura
Srichandra: 925 - 975 a. D
- Son of Trailokyachavdra. Declared independence and brought all the chiefs of Vanga and captured Chand-radvipa.
- Kalyanachandra, Ladaha-chandra and Govindchandra was defeated by Rajendra Chola in 1025.
- Overthrown by Yadavas, also known as Varmanas.
Varmanas
- Inhabitants: Yadava race were originally the ruler of Simhapur (Singur Hooghly district) Senas
- Inhabitant: Daksinapth; Founder Samantasena himÂself, Kshatriya of Karnata and born in a family of BrahÂman Kshatriya at a place called Radha in West Bengal
Vijavasena: 1093
- Deopara inscriptions comÂposed by the poet Dhoyi deÂfeated Nepal, Vira, Gauda, Kamrupa. Gauda wrested from last Pala King Madanapala.
- Capitals: Vikramapura, East Bengal, Vijayapura, West Bengal;
Ballalasena: 1165 - 1185
- Laghubharata and Ballalacarita inform that he included Mithila.
- Wrote Danasagara on Smriti; and Adbhutasgara on astronomy.
- Introduced Kulinism in Bengal.
Laksmanasena: 1187
- Defeated Jayachandra of Gahadavala
- Defeated King of Kasi and conquered Prayagjotisa
- Bakhtiyar Khalji made atÂtack on 1194 and wrested Nadia (Lakshmanavati or Lakhnauti) and forced him to Vikramapura
- Devout of Vaishnavism
- Founded Lakhnauti
- Patronized Gita GovindaŐs author, Jayadeva,
- Dhoyi who wrote Pavanadutam,
- Halayudha, the linguist
Devas
- Inhabitant: reigned in Samatata lower Bengal.
- Founder: Damodara: suÂpremacy over Samatata
- Dasrathadeva: conquered Vanga
- Transferred his capital to Vikrampura
Eastern Gangas
- Inhabitants: Kolahala (Kolar)
- Therefore branch of Gangas of Mysore
- Anantavarman Choda Ganga: 1077 - 1147
- Father Rajaraja Ganga by his Chola wife: Rajasundri daughter of Rajendra Chola
- Invaded by Lakshmansena
- Continued struggle with Turks.
Kalachuris of Tripuri
- The Kalachuri Empire was the name used by two kingdoms who had a succession of dynasties from the 10th-12th centuries, one ruling over areas in Central India and were called Chedi or Haihaya and the other the southern Kalachuri who ruled over parts of Karnataka
Gujara-Pratiharas
- Inhabitants: 36 clans, first local officials to carve out a series of privilege and Agni-Kula origin, traces antecedÂents from Lakshmana
- The Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty, also known as the Pratihara Empire, was an Indian imperial power that ruled much of Northern India from the mid-7th to the 11th century.
- It is named after its ruling dynasty, whose rulers were members of the Gurjara (Gurjar) and Pratihara tribes; who were followers of Hinduism. Some of their clans later came to be known as Rajputs.
- They ruled first at Ujjain and later at Kannauj
Mihir Bhoja: 836 - 885A. D
- Titles: Mihira and Adivaraha
- The Arab traveller, Sulaiman, writing in 851 A. D. , pays tribute to the efÂficiency of BhojaŐs adminisÂtration
Mahendrapala I: 885 - 908
- Mahendrapala I was a ruler of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty, the son of Mihir Bhoja I and queen Candra-Bhatta-Rika-Devi.
- He was also mentioned on various inscriptions in Kathiawar, Punjab and Madhya Pradesh by names Mahindrapala, Mahendrayudha, Mahisapaladeva, and also Nirbhayaraja and Nirbhayanarendra in the plays of Rajasekhara.
- Patronized Rajasekhara-author of Kapuramanjari and Kavyamimansa
Candellas of Jejakabhukti:
- Inhabitant: Also known as Candratreyas ruled Bundel-khanda.
- Capital: Kharjuravahaka.
- Founder: Nannuka
Vidyadhara
- Ghazni invasion 1019 and 1022
- Killed the Pratihara king Rajyapala in 1019
- Finally Qutubuddin capÂtured, most dedicated resisÂtance against Ghazni