NCERT Class 8 Geography Chapter 5: Industries YouTube Lecture Handouts

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NCERT Class 8 Geography Chapter 5: Industries

NCERT Class 8 Geography

Chapter 5: Industries

Industry

Production of Goods – (Steel Industry)

Extraction of Minerals – (Coal Mining)

Provision for services – (Tourism)

Emerging Industries: β€˜Sunrise Industries’ – Information Technology, Wellness, Hospitality and Knowledge

Classification – Raw Material Based

  • Agro Based
  • Mineral Based
  • Marine Based
  • Forest Based

Classification – Based on Size

  • Small Scale – Cottage/Household – Pottery, Basket Weaving
  • Large Scale

Classification – Based on Ownership

  • Private Sector
  • Public Sector – Aviation
  • Joint Sector – Maruti Udyog
  • Cooperative Sector - owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both – Amul Dairy

Factors Affecting Location of Industry

Illustration: Factors Affecting Location of Industry

Industrial Clusters

  • Mumbai-Pune cluster
  • Bangalore-Tamil Nadu region
  • Hugli region
  • Ahmedabad-Baroda region
  • Chottanagpur industrial belt
  • Vishakhapatnam-Guntur belt
  • Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut region
  • Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram industrial cluster
  • Bhopal Gas Tragedy: Methyl Isocyanate (MIC)
  • Gao Qiao, Chongging, China – Gas Well Blowout
Illustration: Industrial Clusters

Iron & Steel Industry – as Feeder Industry

Illustration: Iron & Steel Industry – as Feeder Industry
  • Strengthen Steel by aluminum, nickel, and copper
  • Backbone of modern industry
  • Before 1800: Near RM, Power & Water
  • Later: Near Coal fields & Railways
  • After 1950՚s: Near Sea Ports

India & TISCO

  • Bhilai, Durgapur, Burnpur, Jamshedpur, Rourkela, Bokaro: 4 states of West Bengal, Jharkhand, Orissa and Chhattisgarh
  • Bhadravati and Vijay Nagar in Karnataka
  • Vishakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh
  • Salem in Tamil Nadu
  • TISCO – Private – Jamshedpur - 1907 at Sakchi, near confluence of the rivers Subarnarekha and Kharkai in Jharkhand
  • 32 km away from Kalimati station on the Bengal-Nagpur railway line
  • Coal from Jharia coalfields
  • Iron ore, limestone, dolomite and manganese from Orissa & Chhattisgarh

Pittsburgh

  • Iron from Minnesota
  • Great lakes Waterways
  • Water by Ohio, Monogahela and Allegheny rivers

Fibre

  • Natural fibres: Wool, silk, cotton, linen and jute
  • Manmade fibres: Nylon, polyester, acrylic and rayon
  • Cotton Textile: Oldest Industry, Wheels and Looms to Power Looms
  • Muslins of Dhaka
  • Chintzes of Masulipatnam
  • Calicos of Calicut
  • Gold-wrought cotton pieces of Burhanpur, Surat and Vadodara
  • 1st Modern Textile – Mumbai – 1854 – Warm Moist Climate, Port, RM & labour

Ahmedabad vs. Osaka

  • Ahmedabad: Sabarmati River, 1st in 1859; 2nd largest after Mumbai, Manchester of India – Humid climate, land, labour, road & connectivity, export – non up gradation of machinery
  • Osaka – Manchester of Japan – Yodo River, extensive plains, humid area, Cotton imported from Egypt, India, China and USA; export at low price and good quality

Information Technology

  • Storage, processing and distribution of information
Illustration: Information Technology

High Technology Industries - Group Together

  • Located near main road/highways for an easy access
  • Firms can benefit from exchange of knowledge
  • Efficient Services and facilities such as roads, car parks and waste disposal

✍ Manishika