NCERT Class 9 Geography Chapter 2: Physical Features of India YouTube Lecture Handouts
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NCERT Class 9 Geography Chapter 2: Physical Features of India
NCERT Class 9 Geography
Chapter 2: Physical Features of India
Basis
- Variations in rock formation
- Weathering, erosion & deposition
- Plate Tectonics – Fold, Fault & Volcanic Activity
- 3 Plate Boundaries – Convergent, Divergent & Transform
- Most Volcanoes & Earthquakes occur at plate margins, some within plates
- Gondwanaland, Angara land & Tethys
- Himalayas & Northern Plains – Recent – Unstable
- Northern Plains – Alluvial Deposits
- Peninsular Plateau – Igneous & Metamorphic Rocks
Physiographic Divisions
- Himalayan Mountains – KLZS – 2400 km (400 km wide in J& K; 150 km in Arun. P.) , Core is granite
- Northern Plains
- Peninsular Plateau
- Indian Desert
- Coastal Plains
- Islands
Himalayas
- Himadri – Great/Inner Himalayas
- Himachal – Middle (Pir Panjal, Dhauladhar & Mahabharata) – Kangra & Kullu
- Duns – Dehra Dun, Patli Dun & Kotli Dun
- Shiwaliks – 10 - 50 km, height – 900 to 1100 m
- Purvanchal – Beyond Brahmaputra – Sedimentary (sandstones) – Patkai, Naga, Manipur & Mizo Hills
Northern Plains
- Indus, Ganga & Brahmaputra – Alluvial
- 7 lakh sq. km. - 2400 km long & 240 - 320 km broad
- Many distributaries
- Western: Punjab Plains – Indus & tributaries – Doab
- Ganga Plains: B/w Ghaggar & Teesta
- Brahmaputra Plains: Bihar, Jharkhand & West Bengal
- Bhabhar: Parallel to Shiwaliks – Streams Disappear
- Terai – South of Bhabhar – Wet & Marshy – Forested – Dudhwa NP
- Bhangar – Old Alluvium – Has calcareous deposits – Kankar
- Khadar – Newer Young Deposits – Fertile for intensive agriculture
Peninsular Plateau
- Tableland – Igneous & metamorphic rocks – Black Soil - Cotton
- By breaking of Gondwana & is oldest – broad, shallow with rounded hills
- Central Highlands – North of Narmada (Malwa)
- Deccan Plateau – South of Narmada
- NE - Meghalaya and Karbi-Anglong Plateau, separated by fault with 3 hills GKJ (west to east - Garo, Khasi, Jaintia Hills)
- Western Ghats – Continuous - Thal, Bhor and the Pal Ghats – Orographic Rain, Anai Mudi (2,695 m) and Doda Betta (2,637 m)
- Eastern Ghats – Mahanadi to Nilgiri – irregular, Mahendragiri (1,501 m) , Shevroy & Javadi Hills
Indian Desert
- West of Aravallis
- Sand dunes
- Low Rainfall
- Arid climate
- Luni River
- Brachans (Crescent shaped dunes) – Common
- Longitudinal Dunes at Indo-Pak boundary
Coastal Plains
- Western Coast – b/w Western Ghats & Arabian Sea – Narrow
- Konkan (Mumbai-Goa) , Kannad & Malabar
- Eastern Coast – Wide & level
- Northern Circar & Coromandal Coast
- Deltas: Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri
- Chilka Lake: Largest Salt Water Lake – Mahanadi, Orissa
Islands
- Lakshadweep – Close to Malabar Coast Kerala – Coral (Barrier, fringing & atolls)
- Also called Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindive
- Kavaratti island is administrative headquarters
- Pitli island - uninhabited, has a bird sanctuary
- Andaman (N) & Nicobar (S) Islands – Bigger, Numerous
- Barren Island – Active Volcano
✍ Manishika