Delhi Sultanate (1206 − 1526)

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Mubarak

Khalji

• Ascended the throne after the death of Allaudin

• Declared himself as khalifa and took the title of 'Al-wasiq-billah'

• Issued gold coins.

Khusro Shah

• Hindu convert, from Gujarat.

• Murdered all the relatives of Allaudin and Mubarak Khalji.

• Disciple of Shaikh NiIzamuddin Auliya.

Tuglaqs

Ghiyassudin Tughlaq

• Murdered Khusro Shah and ascended the throne.

• Adopted the title 'Ghazi".

• First sultan to start the irrigation works.

• Died when a wooden pavilion collapsed.

Mohammad Bin Tughlaq

• Most educated sultan of Delhi.

• Known as the 'Wisest Fool'.

• Experimentative nature. His main experiments were:

• shifting of the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad (deogiri)

  • taxation of the Doab

  • introduction of token currency (adali)

  • planning of leading an expedition to Khurasan

  • Qarachil expedition in the Kumaon hills

• Introduced agricultural reforms

• 'Taqavi' and 'Sondhar' were the loans that were given to farmers.

• Established a new department Diwan-i-Kohi to bring barren land under cultivation.

• Established 'Diwan-i-Siyasat', to punish officers.

• He died at Thatta

Feroz Shah Tughlaq

• He created two departments

  • Diwan-i-Bandagan, i.e. department of slaves

  • Diwan-i-Khairat.

• He founded a lot of towns:

  • Jaunpur Hissar

  • Ferozpur near Badayun

  • Ferozabad Fatehabad

• He wrote a book 'Futuhat-i-Firozshahi'

• He abolished amputation

• At Jama Masjid he read the names of all the Delhi Sultans except Qutubuddin Aibak.

• He abandoned 23 taxes and imposed only four taxes as allowed by the shariat: Kharaj, Khums, Zakat, and Jaziya.

• Imposed irrigation tax, Haq-i-Sharb (10% of produce).

• Constructed new canals called Anhar-i-Amma.

• Repaired Allaudin Khalji's Hauz-i-Hahi (a canal) and Ntutmish's Hauz-i-Shamsi.

• Banned the sale of slaves.

• Under Diwan-i-Bandagan 1,80,000 slaves were employed.

• In 1360, he led an expedition to the Nagarkot. The king of Nagarkot was defeated and the temple of Jwalamukhi was looted and plundered.

Later Tughluqs

Ghiyasudin TugMaq Shah II

• Original name was Fateh Khan.

• Wazir was malik Zada Feroz.

Abu Bakr Naseeruddin Mohammad Shah

• Invaded Kannauj

• Died at Jaieshar

• Succeeded by Prince Humayun.

• Prince Humayun assumed title Allaudin Slander Shah but he died within six weeks.

Naseeruddin Mehmud Shah

• Lord of the worlds whose territory extended from Delhi to Palam.

• During his reign, Taimur Lang (1398 A.P-) invaded Delhi.

• Both Naseeruddin Mehmud and his minister Malu fled.

• After his departure Malu along with Naseeruddin Mehmud returned back to Delhi.

• During the oblivion period of two years, they lived in Gujarat.

• Sultan Naseeruddin died in 1412.