Hypothesis Testing YouTube Lecture Handouts for NET, IAS, State-SET (KSET, WBSET, MPSET, etc.), GATE, CUET, Olympiads etc.

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Hypothesis Testing YouTube Lecture Handouts

Hypothesis Testing

Types of Errors & p-Region

Null Versus Alternative Hypothesis

Illustration: Null Versus Alternative Hypothesis
Illustration: Null Versus Alternative Hypothesis

Null Hypothesis (H0)

  • No statistical significance between the two variables.
  • Researcher is trying to disprove it.
  • Individual is free from disease
  • Relationship is due to chance

Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)

  • Statistical significance between the two variables.
  • Researcher is trying to approve it
  • Individual has disease
  • Relationship is not due to chance
  • If is accepted, is rejected

P-Region

Errors in Hypothesis

Table of Errors in Hypothesis for Hypothesis TestingTable of Errors in Hypothesis for Hypothesis Testing
True
Decision

About

Retain

CORRECT
Decision

About

Reject

Type I Error

(α)

Type I Error

  • Reject when its true
  • α error
  • Error of first kind
  • Error of excessive credulity
  • False positive
  • Poor specificity
  • If a test shows that a person has kidney stone when in reality he/she does not

P-Value

  • Probability of obtaining an effect at least as extreme as the one in your sample data, assuming the truth of the null hypothesis.

Errors in Hypothesis

Table of Errors in Hypothesis for Hypothesis TestingTable of Errors in Hypothesis for Hypothesis Testing
True False
Decision

About

Retain

CORRECTType II Error
Decision

About

Reject

Type I Error

(α)

CORRECT

Type II Error

  • Accept H_0 when its false
  • β error
  • Error of second kind
  • Error of excessive skepticism
  • False negative
  • Low sensitivity
  • If a test shows that a person is not having kidney stone when in reality he/she does have a kidney stone.
Illustration: Type II Error

Manishika