NCERT Class 7 Political Science Chapter 4: Growing Up as Boys & Girls YouTube Lecture Handouts

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• Gender: Biological distinction b/w male & female

• Explains inequalities and power relations

• Differences in socialization and roles to play

• Roles women play & work they do are usually valued less than the roles men play and the work they do

• Identity: Sense of self-awareness of who one is

Case Studies

Samoa (1920s)

• Island in Pacific Ocean

• Children didn’t go to school in 1920s

• Fishing was important activity

• Most works were learnt at home

• Boys joined for outdoor activity like fishing and planting coconut

• Girls looked after younger ones

• Girls as teenagers went on fishing expeditions independently, weave baskets, cook at home

MP (1960s)

• Separate schools for boys and girls

• Total seclusion and safety from outside world – central courtyard for girls

• Open playground for boys

• Girls: Straight to home – fear of being teased or attacked

Where this Starts?

• At an early age

• With distinctions in roles to play

• Boys given cars & girls given dolls

• Now with colors, Boys associated with blue and girls with pink

Differences occur in:

• Dressing

• Talking

• Games

• Subjects to choose

• Career to pick

Same status is not enjoyed

Valuing Housework

• Housework

• Caregiving

• Looking after family

• Looking after children, elderly and sick

• This comes naturally and is never paid

• Society devalues this work (no proper recognition is given)

Domestic Workers

• Mainly women

• Sweeping and cleaning

• Washing clothes and dishes

• Cooking

• Looking after young children or elderly

• Low wages

• Hard Work

• Heavy physical work

• Fetch water

• Carry heavy loads of firewood

• Stoves are strenuous and physically demanding

• Double burden with working women

Work & Equality

• Equality given in our constitution

• No discrimination should exist

• Positive steps to remedy the situation

• Burden of child-care and housework falls on women and girls

• Anganwadis established

• Mandatory for organizations that have more than 30 women employees to provide crèche facilities

• Making possible for more girls to attend schools

-Mayank