Goh Cheng Leong Chapter 1 YouTube Lecture Handouts

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Universe

• Galaxy – stars in clusters

• Milky Way – 100,000 million stars

• Light from nearest star – 4 years

• Light from sun – 8 minutes

• Light from moon – a second

Solar System

• Sun – temperature 6000℃ to 20 million ℃; 3 lakh times larger than earth

• Mercury – smallest, closest, 36 million miles, 88 days revolution

• Venus – twin planet of earth

• Earth – satellite moon (revolves eastward once in 27 days)

• Mars – dark patches

Solar System

• Jupiter – Largest; hydrogen, helium and methane, circular light, dark band, 12 satellites, very cold (-130)

• Saturn – 3 rings, 9 satellites, second largest, revolution takes 29.5 years

• Uranus – bluish-green, 50 times large and 15 times heavy, 5 satellites, orbits east to west

• Neptune – 2 satellites, colder

• Pluto – planetoid, orbits in 247 years

Shape of Earth

• Equatorial circumference: 24,897 miles

• Polar circumference is less by 83 miles

• Equatorial diameter: 7,926 miles

• Polar diameter is shorter by 26 miles

• Geoid shape

Evidence of Sphericity

• Circum-navigation of Earth

• Circular Horizon

• Ship’s Visibility

• Sunrise and Sunset

• Lunar Eclipse

• Spherical planetary bodies

• Driving poles on level ground on curved earth

• Aerial photographs

Earth’S Movement

• Rotation – from west to east

• Revolution – 18.5 miles per second, completes in 365 days, axis is inclined at

Mathematical Calculation of Location

• Latitude – angular distance in degree from center of earth - parallels

• Longitude – angular distance along equator – meridian

Longitude and Time

• EGA

• WLS

-Manishika