India Vegetation Youtube Lecture Handouts

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VEGETATION & CROPS of INDIA

Vegetation patterns of India are divided into 6 types viz., moist tropical, dry tropical, montane subtropical, montane temperate, subalpine and alpine, explained in a lucid manner by Dr. Manishika Jain.

H G Champions

Tropical Rain Forests

• Include tropical evergreen forests and tropical semi-evergreen forests

• Rainfall surplus of 200 cm, with a short dry season.

• Archetypal Rain-Forests.

• Limited within rainy slopes of the Western Ghats, plains of West Bengal and Orissa and North-eastern India.

• Trees attain heights of about 60 m and above.

• Ebony, mahogany and rosewood

Tropical Deciduous Forests

• Cast leaves for about 6 to 8 weeks in summer.

• Monsoon forests

• Form a natural cover all over India, especially within regions having 200 and 75 cm of annual rainfall.

• State of Kerala in India, eastern slopes of Western Ghats, north-eastern parts of the peninsular plateau, Himalaya mountains.

• Cost-effective, less resistant to fire.

• Moist and dry deciduous forests.

Moist Deciduous Forests

• Eastern slopes of the Western Ghats, north-eastern part of the peninsula- east Madhya Pradesh, south Bihar and west Orissa, Shiwaliks.

• Teak, Sal, and sandalwood.

Thorn Forests and Shrubs

• Found in dry places where the annual rainfall is less than 70 cm.

• North-western India, from Saurashtrain the south to Punjab plains in the north.

• Extend towards northern Madhya Pradesh and south-west Uttar Pradesh, covering Bundelkhand plateau.

• Dispersed trees with long roots, broadened in a radial pattern

Tidal or Mangrove Forests

• Found along the coasts and rivers

• Mangrove trees

• Sundari

Temperate Forests and Grasslands

• Various types of plants are found in the Himalayas varying altitudes.

• The broad-leaved evergreen trees usually grow between altitudes of 1 km and 2 km- oak, chestnut and maple

• Coniferous trees like pine, deodar, silver fir and spruce between altitudes 1.5 km and 3 km

• Southern slopes of the Himalayas.

• Temperate grasslands at higher altitudes

Alpine and Tundra Vegetation

• Altitudes above 3.6 km

• Stunted growth

• Silver Fir, Pine, Juniper and Birch

• Alpine Grasslands at higher altitudes in this region.

• Gujjar and Bakarwal make use of this region.

• Lichen and Mosses are found

Himalayan Vegetation

• Tropical forests in the eastern region

• Pine and coniferous woodlands of the western Himalayas

Desert Region

• Thar Desert

• Short and stout, and stunted

• Cacti, Reunjha, Khejra, Kanju, Ak etc.

-Manishika