NET, IAS, State-SET (KSET, WBSET, MPSET, etc.), GATE, CUET, Olympiads etc. Geography Notes on Plastic, Pharma & Pesticides Industry in India
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Plastic
- Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, Bangalore, Vadodara, Vapi, Amritsar, Coimbatore, Amritsar, Barauni, Pimpri, Boniagaon, Kanpur, Mettur, Durgapur.
- Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET) , Chennai.
- Exports to UAE, Kuwait, Egypt, Kanya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia.
Drugs and Pharmaceuticals
Public Sector Units: India Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd (IDPL) : Established in 1961 (5th April) ; has 5 plants:
- Rishikesh synthetic drugs.
- Chennai surgical instruments.
- Gurgaon formulations.
- Muzaffarpur drugs and chemicals (intermediate) IDPL has 3 subsidiaries: 1. Rajasthan Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (RPDL) , Jaipur; 2. U. P Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (UPDL) , Lucknow; 3. Orissa D&P Ltd. , Bhubaneshwar
Hindustan Antibiotics Limited in 1954
- Maharashtra Antibiotics and Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Nagpur;
- Karnataka A&P Ltd. , Bangalore;
- Manipur A&P Ltd, Imphal Bengal Immunity Limited (BIL) , Kolkata.
- Bengal Chemical and Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (BCPL) , Kolkata.
- Smith Stanistret Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (SSPL) , Kolkata.
Pesticides
(1) Hindustan Insecticides Ltd:
- Udyog Mandal, Kerala;
- Rashayani, Maharashtra and Delhi.
(2) Subsidiary: Southern Pesticides Corporation (SPC) at Kavour.
(3) HIL produces BHC, DDT, Malatheon, IndoSulphan
Dye Stuff
- First unit was Associated Research Lab. (AR Lab.) , 1947, Pune.
- Atul Products, 1947, Balsar.
- Amar Dyechem, 1954.
- Indian Dye Stuff Ind. , 1954.
- Alic Ind. , 1956.
- Suhrid Gaigi.
- Kallu Chem: Bayer, Hoechst, Ghai, Sandoz India, Kolshed, 1961.
Glass
- First factory was established in 1941 in UP.
- Rawmaterial used: sodaash, feldspar, limestone, dolomite, manganese dioxide, barium oxide, sulphur and copper.
- Distribution: UP: 100 factories; important centres are: Ferozabad (Agra) , Bahzoi, Naini, Hirangau, Shokohabad, Hathras, Sasni, Jaunpur. West Bengal: 34 factories; important places: Kolkata, Howrah, Raniganj, Belgachia, Belgharia, Bellur, Sitarampur, Rishra, Durgapur, Asansol (gets sandstone from Mangalghat and Palaghat) . Maharashtra: 22 factories; Important centres: Mumbai, Talegaon, Satara, Nagpur, Kolhapur (bottles) .
Ceramics
- China clay is found in Rajmahal Hills (Bihar) .
- First factory established in Patharghat (Bihar) .
- Second, Barn & Co. Raniganj (W. Bengal) .
- Centre: Wankaner, Thanagarh, Ranipet, Roopnarayanpur, Jabalpur, Nazarbagh, Gwalior, Jaipur.
- India exports to: Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait; imports from: China & Japan.
Chemical Industries
Sulphuric Acid
- Fertilizer, synthetic fibre, plastic, paint, dyestuff.
- India imports 90% of its requirement.
- Important Centre: Kerala, Maharashtra, Gujarat.
Nitric Acid
- Used in fertilizer and explosives.
- Main producer: FCL՚s Trombay Unit
Alkalies
- Common salt, limestone, coal.
Soda Ash
- Okhla, Mithapur, Dharandhar
- Used in glass, paper, soap, detergents.
Caustic Soda
- Detergents, textiles, soaps, paper and pulp.
- Mettur is the largest centre. Benzene
- Comes from naphtha, coal.
- Centre: Koyali, BombayPetroleum Naphtha, Durgapur (coal gas) .
- Used in dyestuff.
Match
(1) First factory was established in Ahmedabad in 1921.
(2) Western India Match Co. (WIPCO) 1923; has 5 units: produces 65% of India՚s production:
- Baraeli;
- Kolkata;
- Chennai;
- Ambarnath, Mumbai;
- Dubri, Assam.
Concentration and Distribution
- WBengal: Jharia, Raniganj Tamil Nadu: Ramnathpuram, Tirunavelli, Chennai, Chingalput.
- Maharashtra: Pune, Thane, Chanda, Mumbai. Gujarat: Ahmedabad, Petlad, Ambarnath
- UP: Barelli, Meerut, Allahabad, Varanasi Karnataka: Shimoga Kerala: Thiruvanathpura A P: Hyderabad, Warrangal Assam: Dubri Rajasthan: Kota Madhya Pradesh⟋Chhattisgarh: Bilaspur, Jabalpur.
Lac
- The insect, Cerria Laca produces Laca; it lives in trees.
- Climatic requirements: temp. and rainfall-150cm.
- Stick lac is its crude form (like resin) .