NCERT Class 11 Geography Part 1 Chapter 5: Minerals and Rocks YouTube Lecture Handouts
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NCERT Class 11 Geography Part 1 Chapter 5: Minerals and Rocks
Elements & Minerals
SL No. | Elements | By Weight (%) |
---|---|---|
1. | Oxygen | 46.60 |
2. | Silicon | 27.72 |
3. | Aluminium | 8.13 |
4. | Iron | 5.00 |
5. | Calcium | 3.63 |
6. | Sodium | 2.83 |
7. | Potassium | 2.59 |
8. | Magnesium | 2.09 |
9. | Others | 1.41 |
Physical Characteristics
- External crystal form - arrangement
- Cleavage – tendency to break
- Fracture – irregular breaking of crystals
- Lustre – appearance – metallic, silky
- Color – due to impurities
- Streak – color of ground powder (malachite is green & has green streak, fluorite is purple or green but has white streak)
- Transparency – or translucent or opaque
- Structure – fine, medium or coarse
- Hardness – moh scale (1-talc and 10 is diamond)
- Specific gravity - ratio between the weight of a given object and weight of an equal volume of water
6 Basic Minerals
Minerals
- Metallic – metal
- Precious – gold, silver, platnium
- Ferrous – Iron mixed to form steel
- Non-ferrous – Cu, Pb, Zn, Sn, Al
- Non-Metallic – no metal, sulphur, phosphate and nitrate - cement
Rocks
- Aggregate of minerals
- Granite (hard) , soapstone (soft)
- Gabbro (black) , quartzite (white)
- Petrology – science of rocks
- Feldspar and Quartz are common rocks
- 3 types – Igneous, Sedimentary & Metamorphic
Types of Rocks
Rock Cycle
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