NCERT Class 9 Geography Chapter 2: Physical Features of India YouTube Lecture Handouts

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NCERT Class 9 Geography

Chapter 2: Physical Features of India

Basis

• Variations in rock formation

• Weathering, erosion & deposition

• Plate Tectonics – Fold, Fault & Volcanic Activity

• 3 Plate Boundaries – Convergent, Divergent & Transform

• Most Volcanoes & Earthquakes occur at plate margins, some within plates

• Gondwanaland, Angara land & Tethys

• Himalayas & Northern Plains – Recent – Unstable

• Northern Plains – Alluvial Deposits

• Peninsular Plateau – Igneous & Metamorphic Rocks

Physiographic Divisions

• Himalayan Mountains – KLZS – 2400 km (400 km wide in J& K; 150 km in Arun. P.), Core is granite

• Northern Plains

• Peninsular Plateau

• Indian Desert

• Coastal Plains

• Islands

Himalayas

• Himadri – Great/Inner Himalayas

• Himachal – Middle (Pir Panjal, Dhauladhar & Mahabharata) – Kangra & Kullu

• Duns – Dehra Dun, Patli Dun & Kotli Dun

• Shiwaliks – 10-50 km, height – 900 to 1100 m

• Purvanchal – Beyond Brahmaputra – Sedimentary (sandstones) – Patkai, Naga, Manipur & Mizo Hills

Northern Plains

• Indus, Ganga & Brahmaputra – Alluvial

• 7 lakh sq. km. - 2400 km long & 240-320 km broad

• Many distributaries

• Western: Punjab Plains – Indus & tributaries – Doab

• Ganga Plains: B/w Ghaggar & Teesta

• Brahmaputra Plains: Bihar, Jharkhand & West Bengal

• Bhabhar: Parallel to Shiwaliks – Streams Disappear

• Terai – South of Bhabhar – Wet & Marshy – Forested – Dudhwa NP

• Bhangar – Old Alluvium – Has calcareous deposits – Kankar

• Khadar – Newer Young Deposits – Fertile for intensive agriculture

Peninsular Plateau

• Tableland – Igneous & metamorphic rocks – Black Soil - Cotton

• By breaking of Gondwana & is oldest – broad, shallow with rounded hills

• Central Highlands – North of Narmada (Malwa)

• Deccan Plateau – South of Narmada

• NE - Meghalaya and Karbi-Anglong Plateau, separated by fault with 3 hills GKJ (west to east - Garo, Khasi, Jaintia Hills)

• Western Ghats – Continuous - Thal, Bhor and the Pal Ghats – Orographic Rain, Anai Mudi (2,695 m) and Doda Betta (2,637 m)

• Eastern Ghats – Mahanadi to Nilgiri – irregular, Mahendragiri (1,501 m), Shevroy & Javadi Hills

Indian Desert

• West of Aravallis

• Sand dunes

• Low Rainfall

• Arid climate

• Luni River

• Brachans (Crescent shaped dunes) – Common

• Longitudinal Dunes at Indo-Pak boundary

Coastal Plains

• Western Coast – b/w Western Ghats & Arabian Sea –Narrow

• Konkan (Mumbai-Goa), Kannad & Malabar

• Eastern Coast – Wide & level

• Northern Circar & Coromandal Coast

• Deltas: Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri

• Chilka Lake: Largest Salt Water Lake – Mahanadi, Orissa

Islands

• Lakshadweep – Close to Malabar Coast Kerala – Coral (Barrier, fringing & atolls)

• Also called Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindive

• Kavaratti island is administrative headquarters

• Pitli island - uninhabited, has a bird sanctuary

• Andaman (N) & Nicobar (S) Islands – Bigger, Numerous

• Barren Island – Active Volcano

-Manishika