NCERT Class 6 History Chapter 10: Traders, Kings and Pilgrims YouTube Lecture Handouts

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NCERT Class 6 History

Chapter 10: Traders, Kings and Pilgrims

• South India: Gold, spices, pepper, & precious stones

• Roman Empire: Pepper – black gold

• Muvendar (3 chiefs) – head of 3 families – Cholas, Cheras & Pandyas (2300 yrs ago) – each with 2 centers (1 inland & 1 port)

• Cholas Port - Puhar or Kaveripattinam

• Cholas Capital - Uraiyur

• Pandyas Capital – Madurai

• Pandyas Port – Korkai

• Cheras Capital – Vanji

• Cheras Port - Tondi & Musiri

Sangam Period

• No regular tax

• Tribute from neighboring area

• Kept some wealth & distributed rest

• Poems in praise of chief & were rewarded

Satavahanas

• In West India

• Ruler - Gautamiputra Shri Satakarni (about him from inscription by his mother - Gautami Balashri)

• Kings called as dakshinapatha (route leading to south)

• 1^st ruler – Simuka

• Last ruler – Yajnasri Satakarni

Silk Route

Kushanas

• Best ruler of Silk Route period – 2000 yrs ago

• Peshawar and Mathura – center of power

• Taxila – included

• Branch extended till Indus R. – shipped west to Rome

• Earliest to issue gold coins – used for trade

• Major ruler – Kanishka (1900 yrs ago)

Buddhism

• Kanishka – Buddhists Council

• Ashvaghosha (poet): Composed biography of Buddha (Buddhacharita) lived in his court – Wrote in Sanskrit

• Mahayana Buddhism – Statues of Buddha (Mathura, Taxila) – before it was signs like peepal tree.

• Bodhisattvas – Attain enlightment (isolation & meditate) rather remain in world & teach in C. Asia, Korea, Japan & China

• Spread to West & South – caves carved out – kings, queens and merchants

• Spread to Southeast – Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Indonesia – Theravada Buddhism

Pilgrims

• Journey to holy places

• Fa Xian (1600 yrs ago) – Chinese Buddhist Pilgrims

• Xuan Zang (1400 yrs ago)

• I-Qing

Bhakti

• Word “Bhaj” meaning divide or share

• Devotee – Bhakta/Bhagvata shares bhaga (good fortune)

• Hinduism: Shiva, Vishnu & Durga

• Anybody – rich or poor, high or low caste, man or woman

• Given in Bhagvad Gita, Mahabharata

• Krishna – Asks to abandon dharma & take refuge in him

• Moved to individual worship from elaborate sacrifices

• If devotee worship with pure heart, deity will appear

• Appar: Shiva Bhakta - 1400 yrs ago & was vellala

Christianity

• 2000 yrs ago in West Asia

• Christ born in Bethlehem (part of Roman Empire)

• Savior of the world

• Treat others as you want yourselves to be treated

• Spread to West Asia, Africa and Europe

• In Kerala - Syrian Christians (amongst oldest Christian communities in the world)

-Manishika