Paintings of India & Technique: Mural and Miniature Paintings for PAR
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Paintings of India
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In Kamasutra, painting is tslisted as one of the fine arts out of 64 fine arts.
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Vatsayana has mentioned 6 principals (limbs) of painting.
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Shadanga(6 limbs/principals)
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Rupbheda
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Praman
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Lavan yojanam
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Sadrashyam
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Bhaav
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Varnika bhanga
Image of Indian Painting
Image of Indian Painting
Mural Paintings
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They are large works executed on the walls of the large structure
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Ajanta caves,Lepakdhi temple,Ellora caves etc
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Mostly done during Gupta age
Mural Paintings of Gupta Age
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Ajanta paintings
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Expression of emotions through hand postures
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Birds and animals are also shown with emotions
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Fresco paintings
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Tempera style used-using pigments
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Theme Buddhism jataka tales,life of Buddha
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Bagh paintings
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Same as Ajanta paintings
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Ellora paintings
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Theme Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism
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Scenes of Ramayana and Mahabharata
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Shiva as Natraj,battle scenes, elephant in the lotus pond
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Techniques same as Ajanta paintings
Mural Paintings of Vijayanagar Empire
Image of Mural Paintings
Image of Mural paintings
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Lepakshi paintings
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Flourished during Vijayanagara kingdom
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Theme not religious but secular
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Complete absence of primary colours
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Bad quality
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Decline in paintings
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Some of the wall paintings of this declining period in the reign of Prince of Travancore in Kerala
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In the palaces of Jaipur in Rajasthan and in the Rangmahal of the Chamba palace in Himachal Pradesh are worth mentioning.
Miniature Painting
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Very detailed and small paintings
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Executed on very small scale
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In books, manuscripts or on other material like paper,cloth and even glass
Technique
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Paintings were executed in the traditional tempera technique.
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After mixing colors in water along with a binding medium, they were applied on the drawing.
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First, the sketch was freely drawn in red or black over which white priming was given.
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The surface was thoroughly burnished till the outline showed clearly through it.
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Then a second outline was drawn with a fine brush.
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First, the background was colored and then the sky, buildings and trees, etc.
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Figures were painted last of all after which a final outline was drawn.
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When copies were made from perforated sketches by rubbing charcoal powder, the dotted outline took the place of the first drawing.
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Colors used in paintings were obtained from minerals and ochers.
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Indigo was the vegetable color.
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Lac-dye and red carmine were obtained from insects.
Technical Rule for Miniature Painting
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Miniature painting’s size should not greater than inch square
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The subject must not be painted greater than one sixth of its original size
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Paintings are not merely about size but also the level of detail that differentiates it from small paintings
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Miniature is derived from latin word minium meaning red led paint used in illuminated manuscript during renaissance
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It has nothing to do with size.
Features of Indian Miniature Painting
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Most human characters are shown with side profile
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Big eyes
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Pointed nose
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Women-slim waste, long hair
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Skin colour-brown
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Hair and eye-black
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Skin colour of Krishna-blue
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Dress-traditional indian dress
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Men have turbans on their head
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Initially natural colours were used
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Famous painters-vaachak,Nihaal chand
Various Types of Miniature Painting
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Pal school of painting
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Apabhransha school
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Mughal painting