Popular Art & Pottery: Caves, Sculpture and Pottery for PAR

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Popular Art

Caves

• Real beginning of rock cut architecture

• Ex.elephant rock cut at Dhauli, Odisha.

• Mauryan caves vihar

• Post-mauryan caves chaitya

• Features

• Artistic gateway

• Polishing inside the cave

• sisters caves of barabar cavescaves of Nagarjuni caves

• Use of caves

• Vihar :rest places for monks

• Ajivikas: Jain sect, some caves were given to the monks of this sect.

Sculpture

• Yaksh and yakshini sculptures

• Objects of worship in folk religion

• Places yaksh parkham in UP,pawaya in MP,

• Yakshini Didarganj in Bihar

• The sculptor in India took delight in fashioning his beautiful creations in poetic or visual metaphors in preference to direct observation.

• The surface of figure bears the typical lustrous polish of the period.

• Striking example of Mauryan art in the 3rd century B.C. is the handsome torso of a male figure from Lohanipur.

• The modelling of the figure executed in a realistic manner is invested with a wonderful vitality.

• It probably represents a Jain Tirthankara or a Saviour of the Digambara sect.

• Yaksha and yakshini figures are related to all three religions

  • Hinduism reference in tamil script-shilpadhikaram

  • Buddhism On the walls of stupa, there are so many sculptures of yaksha.

  • Jainism In the Jain scripts, every teerthankar is found to be associated with one Yakshi.

• Their native style, distinguished by its simplicity and folk appeal is best represented in monolithic free standing sculptures of Yakshas and Yakshis, discovered from Gwalior and Mathura

• On the pillars of barhut stupa the figure of Chulakoka Devta representing its indigenous character and folk quality.

• Yaksha The two amulets strung on his necklace ward off evil spirits from his devotees.

• The back of his right hand bears an inscription giving the name of the sculptor.

Pottery

• Northern black polished wear.

• Maturity and climax in pottery making.

• Some silver pottery is found.

• Purpose of silver pottery luxury wear.

• Red and black pottery.

• Use ofcolours red and black.

• background color red color

• To draw some design black color.

• Hence the name black and red pottery.

• Not handmade but wheel made ware.

• Some plain pottery, which was more common.

• Some painted pottery.

Use of Pottery

• Household purpose

• For decoration purpose

• Proof some very small sized pottery.

• Cannot be used for household or storage purpose.

• Perforated pottery for straining liqueur.