NK BOSE Introduction and Methodology Sociology YouTube Lecture Handouts
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NK BOSE Introduction and Methodology Sociology
Introduction
- Nirmal Kumar Bose
- 1901 - 1972
- Born in Kolkata
- Participated in National Movement
- Social anthropologist
- Influenced by M. K. Gandhi
- Interests – Indian civilization and culture
Books
- Canous of Orissan Architecture, 1932
- Hindu Samajer Garan, 1949
- Studies in Gandhism, 1959
- Cultural Anthropology, 1961
- Peasant Life in India, 1961
- Culture and Society in India, 1967
- Problems of National Integration, 1967
- The Structure of Hindu Society, 1975
Civilizational Perspective
- To understand a particular society from its civilization
- Study of texts, records, caste, village, unity and diversity, etc.
- Explain changes in culture and structure of a society
- Historical-civilizational framework
- It involves:
- Listing of cultural traits
- Identifying cultural process
- Cultural communication
- Proponents are N. K. Bose, Surajit Sinha, B. S. Cohn, etc.
Methodology
- Civilization perspective
- Methods – Historical and inductive
- He studied distribution of cultural traits and developed a classification based on Indian textual categories
- Influenced by Malinowski՚s functional approach
- He proposed for a twin approach of ethnology and Indology to study Indian Society
- Emphasized on study of social history
- To understand Indian civilization
- He used an amalgam of this approach in his book, The Structure of Hindu Society, 1975
- The book (based on tribal communities) is divided into 3 parts:
- Ethnography (fieldwork)
- Indology
- Social history
Ethnography
- Tribal studies
- Chhota Nagpur and Orissa
- Simple communities pass through broad stages
- Two related criteria for classification of tribal communities
- Anthropological fieldwork among Juangs – left untouched by Brahaminical civilization
- Juangs practiced Hindu practices, worshipped Hindu Goddess
- Had rituals of their own too
- But not accepted as Hindus
- Developed a pattern of culture
Indology
- Classical ancient texts and literature
- Ranking system in communities
- Division of labour in villages - elaborate
- Self-sufficient villages
- Produced for consumption
Social History
- Exploring the past
- Economic sphere of society
- Mode of livelihood is important to classify tribal groups
- Continuous interaction between tribal and non-tribal
MCQs
Q.1. According to N. K. Bose, tribal communities in India are not of the same nature and they ________
1. Share similar relations with wider society
2. Share no relations with the wider society
3. Are complex communities
4. None of these
Answer: 2
Q.2. Which two criteria did N. K. Bose use to classify tribal communities in India:
(a) Level of technological development
(b) Degree of geographic and social isolation
(c) Level of population
(d) Endogamy
Options:
1. a and d
2. a and b
3. b and d
4. c and a
Answer: 2
✍ Manishika