National, World Cup Football, Economics and Commerce: Indian Economy and Objectives of Planning
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National
Sahni Trophy | Hockey |
---|---|
Santosh Trophy | National Football Championship |
Scandia Gold Cup | Hockey |
Sethu Cup | Aquatics |
Sheesh Mahal Trophy | Cricket |
Sivanthi Adithan Gold Cup | Kabaddi |
Sri Krishna Gold Cup | Football |
Subroto Mukerji Cup | Football (Inter-School) |
Todd Memorial Trophy | Football |
Tommy Emar Gold Cup | Hockey (Women) |
Vijay Hazare Trophy | Cricket |
Vittal Trophy | Football |
Vizzy Trophy | Cricket |
Wellington Trophy | Rowing |
World Cup Football
The most popular tournament the World Cup Foot Ball was started in 1930 and is held once in four years. In 1998 these games were held in France.
Year | Venue Country | Winners | Runners-up |
---|---|---|---|
1930 | Uruguay | Uruguay | Argentina |
1934 | Italy | Italy | Czechoslovakia |
1938 | France | Italy | Hungary |
1950 | Brazil | Uruguay | Brazil |
1954 | Switzerland | West Germany | Hungary |
1958 | Sweden | Brazil | Sweden |
1962 | Chile | Brazil | Czechoslovakia |
1962 | Chile | Brazil | Czechoslovakia |
1966 | England | England | West Germany |
1970 | Mexico | Brazil | Italy |
1974 | West Germany | West Germany | Poland |
1978 | Argentina | Argentina | Holland |
1982 | Spain | Italy | West Germany |
1986 | Mexico | Argentina | West Germany |
1990 | Italy West | Germany | Argentina |
1994 | USA | Brazil | Italy |
1998 | France | France | Brazil |
2002 | Japan/Korea | Brazil | Germany |
2006 | Germany (scheduled) | ||
2010 | South Africa (scheduled) |
Economics and Commerce
Indian Economy
In recent years, the Indian economy has been characterised as an underdeveloped but developing economy. Indian economy is the ideal model of a ‘mixed economy’ . India՚s economy is more than three times as large as previously measured, making it the sixth largest behind the U. S. , Japan, Germany and France according to the International Monetary Fund՚s latest calculation.
Planning Commission
Economic planning is a conscious and judicially carried out process for optimum utilisation of existing resources in order to fulfil some well-defined objectives laid down by the state. Perhaps the first attempt to initiate economic planning in India was made by M. Visvesvaraya in 1934. After Independence, the Planning Commission was setup in 1950 under the chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru and India ushered in the era of economic planning with the beginning of the First Five Year Plan in 1951.
Objectives of Planning
- The long-term objectives of planning in India have been more or less the same in almost all the Five-Year Plans. These objectives are interconnected with one another
- Economic Growth to raise the level of national per capita income in real term
- Self-Reliance implies reduction in the dependence on foreign aid and concessional foreign capital՚s the donors can have political influence on the decision-making process of the country.
- Promoting Social Justice has two sub objectives namely (a) removal of poverty and (b) reduction in inequalities of income and wealth.
National Development Council
The National Development Council is presided by the Prime Minister of India. It is constituted with the members of the Planning Commission together with the Chief Ministers of the states.
National Planning Council
The National Planning Council was established in 1965, it is an advisory board attached to the planning commission. It includes experts representing a cross- section of the Indian Economy.
Five-Year Plans
- The five-year plans are the developmental plans drawn by the Planning Commission to establish India՚s economy on a socialistic pattern in regular phases of five-year periods.
- The organisation set up to formulate basic economic policies, draft plans and watch its progress and implementation consist of:
- Planning Commission of India
- National Development Council and State Planning Commissions, and
- National Planning Council.