Scheduled Tribes: Classification, Problems & Policy Measures YouTube Lecture Handouts
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Scheduled Tribes (STs) in India: 6 Classification (Tribal Welfare Committee) , Policy & Reforms
- Heterogeneous group of Population
- 5th Schedule of Constitution
- Article 342 – classification as based on geographical isolation, backwardness, poor health, cultural preservation and nervousness of contact
- Highest share of STs is contributed by Lakshadweep (94.8%) , Mizoram (94.4%) , and Nagaland (86.5%) .
- Lowest proportion of STs is contributed by Uttar Pradesh (0.6%) , Tamil Nadu (1.1%) , & Bihar (1.3%) .
- Punjab, Chandigarh, Haryana, Delhi, and Puducherry do not have STs.
Characteristics of Tribes
Ways to Develop Tribes
Classification of Tribes
- Racial Classification by Guha
- Linguistic Classification
- Geographical Classification
- Economic Classification
- Cultural Classification
- Classification based on Integration
Problems of
- Social problem
- Communication gap
- No transport
- Poor condition
- Lack of education
- Poverty
Solutions
- Rehabilitate
- Assimilate
- Isolate
- Restore land
- Social uplift
Planning
- 2nd Five Year Plan: Establish multipurpose tribal development areas.
- 3rd Five Year Plan: Establishment of Tribal Development Blocks 4th Five Year Plan: Expand blocks.
- 5th Five Year Plan: Create sub plan for tribal development. ITDS (Integrated Tribal Development Project) was launched.
- 6th Five Year Plan: Large multipurpose cooperative societies were launched.
- 7th Five Year Plan: Identified development blocks where tribal population is in majority.
- 8th Five Year Plan: Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) area, MADA (Modified Area Development Approach) , Scattered Development Plans, and Primitive Tribe Development Plans were stressed.
- 9th Five Year Plan: Participatory planning.
- 10th Five Year Plan: Eradicate deprivation or exploitation of tribes.
- 11th Five Year Plan: Develop tribal centric, tribal-participative and tribal-managed development process.
Reforms
- Article 342: Specify tribal communities
- Article 164: Ministry of Tribal Welfare in states – Bihar, MP, Odisha
- Article 244: Administer Scheduled Areas and Tribes
- Article 275: Grant fund for welfare for
- Article 338: Commissioner appointed to safeguard
- Article 330 & 332: Reservation of seats in Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha
- Establish tribal advisory council in each state having Scheduled Areas
- Solve problem by development in isolation
✍ Manishika